Scala中使用var和val定义mutable集合与immutable集合的区别

• var和val的区别很好理解，val类型的变量指的是引用不可更改，类似于java变量加了final修饰，但是引用对象内容可以改变

scala> val map = scala.collection.mutable.Map(1->"x", 2->"y")
map: scala.collection.mutable.Map[Int,String] = Map(2 -> y, 1 -> x)
 
//map变量不能再指向其他对象
scala> map = scala.collection.mutable.Map(1->"x", 2->"y")
<console>:12: error: reassignment to val
       map = scala.collection.mutable.Map(1->"x", 2->"y")
           ^
 
scala> map += (3->"z")
res0: map.type = Map(2 -> y, 1 -> x, 3 -> z)

• mutable集合与immutable集合的区别也很好理解，mutable内容可以修改，而immutable集合初始化之后，内容是不能修改的

scala> val map = scala.collection.immutable.Map(1->"x", 2->"y")
map: scala.collection.immutable.Map[Int,String] = Map(1 -> x, 2 -> y)
 
scala> map += (3->"z") //修改内容会报错
<console>:13: error: value += is not a member of scala.collection.immutable.Map[Int,String]
       map += (3->"z")
           ^

• 有一种情况如果将immutable集合定义为var类型的变量，内容是可以“修改”的

scala> var map = scala.collection.immutable.Map(1->"x", 2->"y")
map: scala.collection.immutable.Map[Int,String] = Map(1 -> x, 2 -> y)
 
scala> map += (3->"z") //并没有任何的错误
 
scala> 

• 其实原来immutable对象的内容并没有改变，而是因为执行map += (3->“z”)之后在堆内存中又新建了一个对象，这时候的变量map的引用已经改变，指向了不同的对象，可以通过eq方法做个简单的验证

scala> var map = scala.collection.immutable.Map(1->"x", 2->"y")
map: scala.collection.immutable.Map[Int,String] = Map(1 -> x, 2 -> y)
 
scala> val original_map = map
original_map: scala.collection.immutable.Map[Int,String] = Map(1 -> x, 2 -> y)
 
scala> original_map eq map
res0: Boolean = true
 
scala> map += (3->"z")
 
scala> original_map eq map //引用已经改变
res2: Boolean = false
 
scala> println(original_map) //最初定义的immutable.Map内容并没有改变
Map(1 -> x, 2 -> y)
 
scala> println(map)
Map(1 -> x, 2 -> y, 3 -> z)

• immutable map与mutable map的相互转化：

immutable.Map to mutable.Map

val m = collection.immutable.Map(1->"one",2->"Two")
val n = collection.mutable.Map(m.toSeq: _*) 

mutable.Map to immutable.Map

val m = collection.mutable.Map(1->"one",2->"Two")
val n = m.toMap

[转载]出处(https://blog.csdn.net/purisuit_knowledge/article/details/81908065)