log4j使用简介
最近在整理公司产品的日志输出规范,涉及log4j的使用介绍,就简单整理了一下。
1.1 配置文件
Log4j可以通过java程序动态设置,该方式明显缺点是:如果需要修改日志输出级别等信息,则必须修改java文件,然后重新编译,很是麻烦;
log4j也可以通过配置文件的方式进行设置,目前支持两种格式的配置文件:
- xml文件
- properties文件(推荐)
下面是一个log4j配置文件的完整内容:
- log4j.rootCategory=INFO, stdout
- log4j.rootLogger=info, stdout
- ### stdout ###
- log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
- log4j.appender.stdout.Target=System.out
- log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
- log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p - %m%n
- ### set package ###
- log4j.logger.org.springframework=info
- log4j.logger.org.apache.catalina=info
- log4j.logger.org.apache.commons.digester.Digester=info
- log4j.logger.org.apache.catalina.startup.TldConfig=info
- log4j.logger.chb.test=debug
1.2 配置根Logger
根logger主要定义log4j支持的日志级别及输出目的地,其语法为:
log4j.rootLogger = [ level ] , appenderName, appenderName, …
其中,level 是日志记录的优先级,分为OFF、FATAL、ERROR、WARN、INFO、DEBUG、ALL或者自定义的级别。
建议只使用四个级别,优先级从高到低分别是ERROR、WARN、INFO、DEBUG。
appenderName指定日志信息输出到哪个地方,可同时指定多个输出目的地。
1.3 配置输出目的地Appender
Appender主要定义日志信息输出在什么位置,主要语法为:
- log4j.appender.appenderName = classInfo
- log4j.appender.appenderName.option1 = value1
- …
- log4j.appender.appenderName.optionN = valueN
Log4j提供的appender有以下几种:
- org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender(控制台),
- org.apache.log4j.FileAppender(文件),
- org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender(每天产生一个日志文件),
- org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender(文件大小到达指定尺寸的时候产生一个新的文件)
- org.apache.log4j.WriterAppender(将日志信息以流格式发送到任意指定的地方)
以ConsoleAppender为例,如:
- log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
- log4j.appender.stdout.Target=System.out
1.4 配置日志信息的格式Layout
Layout 负责格式化Appender的输出,其语法为:
- log4j.appender.appenderName.layout = classInfo
- log4j.appender.appenderName.layout.option1 = value1
- …
- log4j.appender.appenderName.layout.optionN = valueN
其中,Log4j提供的layout有以下几种:
- org.apache.log4j.HTMLLayout(以HTML表格形式布局),
- org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout(可以灵活地指定布局模式),
- org.apache.log4j.SimpleLayout(包含日志信息的级别和信息字符串)
- org.apache.log4j.TTCCLayout(包含日志产生的时间、线程、类别等等信息)
1.5 设置package输出级别
可以设置不同package的日志输出级别,语法为:
log4j.logger.packageName=level
其中,packageName为实际的包名,level为日志级别,例如:
- log4j.logger.org.springframework=info
- log4j.logger.org.apache.catalina=info
- log4j.logger.org.apache.commons.digester.Digester=info
- log4j.logger.org.apache.catalina.startup.TldConfig=info
- log4j.logger.chb.test=debug
2 Log4j与J2ee结合
2.1 使用spring架构
Spring真是不错,替我们做了很多事情,如果系统使用了spring框架,则要集成log4j就很简单了,主要分为3个步骤,如下:
2.1.1 定义log4j配置文件
- log4j.rootCategory=INFO, stdout
- log4j.rootLogger=info, stdout
- ### stdout ###
- log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
- log4j.appender.stdout.Target=System.out
- log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
- log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p - %m%n
- ### log to file ###
- log4j.logger.org.springframework=info
- log4j.logger.org.apache.catalina=info
- log4j.logger.org.apache.commons.digester.Digester=info
- log4j.logger.org.apache.catalina.startup.TldConfig=info
- log4j.logger.chb.test=debug
2.1.2 定义监听器
监听器需要定义在web.xml,主要包括:定义log4j配置文件目录、log4j监听器,如下:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <web-app version="2.4"
- xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
- http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
- <!--由Spring载入的Log4j配置文件位置-->
- <context-param>
- <param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name>
- <param-value>/WEB-INF/log4j.properties</param-value>
- </context-param>
- <context-param>
- <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
- <param-value>
- /WEB-INF/classes/applicationContext*.xml
- </param-value>
- </context-param>
- <!--Spring log4j Config loader-->
- <listener>
- <listener-class>
- org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener
- </listener-class>
- </listener>
- <listener>
- <listener-class>
- org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
- </listener-class>
- </listener>
- <servlet>
- <servlet-name>InitiaServlet</servlet-name>
- <servlet-class>chb.test.web.InitiaServlet</servlet-class>
- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
- </servlet>
- <welcome-file-list>
- <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
- </welcome-file-list>
- </web-app>
- package com.dheaven.mip.web;
- import javax.servlet.ServletException;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
- import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
- public class InitiaServlet extends HttpServlet {
- protected Logger log = Logger.getLogger(InitiaServlet.class);
- private static final long serialVersionUID = 8550329576989690578L;
- /**
- * Constructor of the object.
- */
- public InitiaServlet() {
- super();
- }
- /**
- * Destruction of the servlet. <br>
- */
- public void destroy() {
- super.destroy();
- }
- /**
- * Initialization of the servlet. <br>
- *
- * @throws ServletException if an error occure
- */
- public void init() throws ServletException {
- log.debug("服务器启动了,log4j开始工作了");
- }
- }
2.2不使用spring架构
如果系统没有使用spring,我们以servlet为例,很简单,大家按照步骤执行即可,只贴代码,不说废话。
2.2.1 定义log4j配置文件
放在web工程的WEB-INF目录下,内容如:
- log4j.rootCategory=INFO, stdout
- log4j.rootLogger=info, stdout
- ### stdout ###
- log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
- log4j.appender.stdout.Target=System.out
- log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
- log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p - %m%n
- ### set package ###
- log4j.logger.org.apache.catalina=info
- log4j.logger.org.apache.commons.digester.Digester=info
- log4j.logger.org.apache.catalina.startup.TldConfig=info
- log4j.logger.com.dheaven=debug
- package com.dheaven.mip.web;
- import javax.servlet.ServletException;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
- import org.apache.log4j.PropertyConfigurator;
- public class InitLog4j extends HttpServlet {
- private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
- public void init() throws ServletException {
- String prefix = getServletContext().getRealPath("/");
- prefix = prefix.replace("//", "/");
- String file = getInitParameter("log4j-init-file");
- // if the log4j-init-file is not set, then no point in trying
- if (file != null) {
- PropertyConfigurator.configure(prefix + file);
- }
- }
- }
2.2.3 在Web.xml中定义初始化类
- <servlet>
- <servlet-name>log4j-init</servlet-name>
- <servlet-class>chb.test.web.InitLog4j</servlet-class>
- <init-param>
- <param-name>log4j-init-file</param-name>
- <param-value>WEB-INF/log4j.properties</param-value>
- </init-param>
- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
- </servlet>
- package chb.test.web;
- import javax.servlet.ServletException;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
- import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
- public class InitiaServlet extends HttpServlet {
- protected Logger log = Logger.getLogger(InitiaServlet.class);
- private static final long serialVersionUID = 8550329576989690578L;
- /**
- * Constructor of the object.
- */
- public InitiaServlet() {
- super();
- }
- /**
- * Destruction of the servlet. <br>
- */
- public void destroy() {
- super.destroy();
- }
- /**
- * Initialization of the servlet. <br>
- *
- * @throws ServletException if an error occure
- */
- public void init() throws ServletException {
- log.debug("服务器启动了,log4j开始工作了");
- }
- }
原文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/hbcui1984/article/details/5007197