Mysql数据库表分区存储到指定磁盘路径

0. 前提：

mysql5.6.6以上的版本以上的版本才支持单表指定目录，且目录权限是mysql:mysql。 
在mysql中数据文件存放于在my.cnf中datadir指定的路径，使用的表引擎不同产生的文件格式、表文件个数也会有所差异。 
mysql的表引擎有多种，表的扩展名也不一样，如innodb用“ .ibd”，archive用“.arc ”，csv用“.csv”等。 

1.步骤详解

步骤一：设定my.cnf配置文件。

innodb_file_per_table=1

验证开关已经打开。

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'innodb_file_per_table';
+-----------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-----------------------+-------+
| innodb_file_per_table | ON |
+-----------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
 
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步骤二：创建指定路径存储的分区表。

CREATE TABLE orders_list2 (
  id INT AUTO_INCREMENT,
  customer_surname VARCHAR(30),
  store_id INT,
  salesperson_id INT,
  order_date DATE,
  note VARCHAR(500),
  INDEX idx (id)
) ENGINE = INNODB
  PARTITION BY LIST(store_id) (
  PARTITION p1
  VALUES IN (1, 3, 4, 17)
  INDEX DIRECTORY = '/var/orders/district1'
  DATA DIRECTORY = '/var/orders/district1',
  PARTITION p2
  VALUES IN (2, 12, 14)
  INDEX DIRECTORY = '/var/orders/district2'
  DATA DIRECTORY = '/var/orders/district2',
  PARTITION p3
  VALUES IN (6, 8, 20)
  INDEX DIRECTORY = '/var/orders/district3'
  DATA DIRECTORY = '/var/orders/district3',
  PARTITION p4
  VALUES IN (5, 7, 9, 11, 16)
  INDEX DIRECTORY = '/var/orders/district4'
  DATA DIRECTORY = '/var/orders/district4',
  PARTITION p5
  VALUES IN (10, 13, 15, 18)
  INDEX DIRECTORY = '/var/orders/district5'
  DATA DIRECTORY = '/var/orders/district5'
);
 
 
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插入记录：

insert into orders_list2(id, customer_surname, store_id, salesperson_id, order_date, note)
values(1, "yang", 1, 1, CURDATE(), "testing");
insert into orders_list2(id, customer_surname, store_id, salesperson_id, order_date, note)
values(2, "yang", 2, 2, CURDATE(), "testing");
insert into orders_list2(id, customer_surname, store_id, salesperson_id, order_date, note)
values(6, "yang", 6, 6, CURDATE(), "testing");
insert into orders_list2(id, customer_surname, store_id, salesperson_id, order_date, note)
values(8, "yang", 8, 8, CURDATE(), "testing");
insert into orders_list2(id, customer_surname, store_id, salesperson_id, order_date, note)
values(5, "yang", 5, 5, CURDATE(), "testing");
insert into orders_list2(id, customer_surname, store_id, salesperson_id, order_date, note)
values(10, "yang", 10, 10, CURDATE(), "testing");
 
 
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步骤三：到指定新路径下验证。

[root@f033b3fe25e2 orders]# tree
.
├── district1
│   └── test
│   └── orders_list2#P#p1.ibd
├── district2
│   └── test
│   └── orders_list2#P#p2.ibd

├── district3
│   └── test
│   └── orders_list2#P#p3.ibd

├── district4
│   └── test
│   └── orders_list2#P#p4.ibd

└── district5
  └── test
  └── orders_list2#P#p5.ibd
 
 
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10 directories, 5 files
[root@f033b3fe25e2 orders]# pwd
/var/orders
 
 
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查询验证：

mysql> explain partitions select * from orders_list2;
+----+-------------+--------------+----------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+--------------+----------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | orders_list2 | p1,p2,p3,p4,p5 | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 11 | NULL |
+----+-------------+--------------+----------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 
 
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步骤四：新增分区处理。

场景假设：比如最新的数据，我们想存储到SSD硬盘上。可以通过增加指定路径的分区文件达到目的。

ALTER TABLE orders_list2  ADD PARTITION (PARTITION p6 VALUES IN  (21,22,23)
DATA DIRECTORY = '/var/ssd_testing'  INDEX DIRECTORY = '/var/ssd_testing');

[root@f033b3fe25e2 var]# tree ssd_testing/
ssd_testing/
└── test
  └── orders_list2#P#p6.ibd
 
 
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六个分区结果：

mysql> explain partitions select * from orders_list2;
+----+-------------+--------------+-------------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+--------------+-------------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | orders_list2 | p1,p2,p3,p4,p5,p6 | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 12 | NULL |
+----+-------------+--------------+-------------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)