Java NIO-非阻塞通信
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NIO(Non-block IO)指非阻塞通信,相对于其编程的复杂性,通常客户端并不需要使用非阻塞通信以提高性能,故这里只有服务端使用非阻塞通信方式实现
客户端:
- package com.test.client;
- import java.io.DataInputStream;
- import java.io.DataOutputStream;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.net.InetAddress;
- import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
- import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
- import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
- import com.test.util.SocketIO;
- public class Client {
- static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(Client.class);
- private int port = 10000;
- private SocketChannel socketChannel;
- public Client(){
- try {
- socketChannel = SocketChannel.open();
- InetAddress host = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
- InetSocketAddress addr = new InetSocketAddress(host, port);
- socketChannel.connect(addr);
- logger.debug("***");
- logger.debug("client ip:"+socketChannel.socket().getLocalAddress());
- logger.debug("client port:"+socketChannel.socket().getLocalPort());
- logger.debug("server ip:"+socketChannel.socket().getInetAddress());
- logger.debug("server port:"+socketChannel.socket().getPort());
- logger.debug("***");
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- logger.error("Cilent socket establish failed!");
- }
- logger.info("Client socket establish success!");
- }
- public void request(String request){
- try{
- DataInputStream input = SocketIO.getInput(socketChannel.socket());
- DataOutputStream output = SocketIO.getOutput(socketChannel.socket());
- if(null != request && !request.equals("")){
- byte[] bytes = request.getBytes("utf-8");
- output.write(bytes);
- bytes = new byte[64];
- int num = input.read(bytes);
- byte[] answer = new byte[num];
- System.arraycopy(bytes, 0, answer, 0, num);
- if(num > 0){
- logger.info("server answer:"+new String(answer,"utf-8"));
- }else{
- logger.info("No server answer.");
- }
- }
- }catch(Exception e){
- e.printStackTrace();
- logger.error("client request error");
- }finally{
- if(null != socketChannel){
- try{
- socketChannel.close();
- }catch(Exception e){
- e.printStackTrace();
- logger.error("socket close error");
- }
- }
- }
- }
- public static void main(String[] args){
- Client client1 = new Client();
- //Client client2 = new Client();
- client1.request("your name?");
- //client2.request("your name?");
- }
- }
服务端:
- package com.test.server;
- import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
- import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
- import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
- import java.nio.channels.Selector;
- import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;
- import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
- import java.nio.charset.Charset;
- import java.util.Iterator;
- import java.util.Set;
- import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
- public class Server {
- static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(Server.class);
- private Selector selector;
- private ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel;
- private int queueNum = 10;
- private int bindPort = 10000;
- private int step = 0;
- private Charset charset = Charset.forName("utf-8");
- private ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(64);
- public Server(){
- try{
- //为ServerSocketChannel监控接收连接就绪事件
- //为SocketChannel监控连接就绪事件、读就绪事件以及写就绪事件
- selector = Selector.open();
- //作用相当于传统通信中的ServerSocket
- //支持阻塞模式和非阻塞模式
- serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
- serverSocketChannel.socket().setReuseAddress(true);
- //非阻塞模式
- serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
- //serverSocketChannel.socket()会获得一个和当前信道相关联的socket
- serverSocketChannel.socket().bind(new InetSocketAddress(bindPort),queueNum);
- //注册接收连接就绪事件
- //注册事件后会返回一个SelectionKey对象用以跟踪注册事件句柄
- //该SelectionKey将会放入Selector的all-keys集合中,如果相应的事件触发
- //该SelectionKey将会放入Selector的selected-keys集合中
- serverSocketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
- }catch(Exception e){
- e.printStackTrace();
- logger.error("Server establish error!");
- }
- logger.info("Server start up!");
- }
- public void service() throws Exception{
- //判断是否有触发事件
- while(selector.select() > 0){
- Set<SelectionKey> selectedKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
- Iterator<SelectionKey> iterator = selectedKeys.iterator();
- while(iterator.hasNext()){
- SelectionKey selectionKey = iterator.next();
- //处理事件后将事件从Selector的selected-keys集合中删除
- iterator.remove();
- try{
- if(selectionKey.isAcceptable()){
- this.Acceptable(selectionKey);
- }else if(selectionKey.isReadable()){
- this.Readable(selectionKey);
- }else if(selectionKey.isWritable()){
- this.Writable(selectionKey);
- }
- }catch(Exception e){
- e.printStackTrace();
- logger.error("event deal exception!");
- }
- }
- }
- }
- private void Acceptable(SelectionKey selectionKey) throws Exception{
- logger.info("accept:"+(++step));
- ServerSocketChannel ssc = (ServerSocketChannel)selectionKey.channel();
- SocketChannel sc = (SocketChannel)ssc.accept();
- sc.configureBlocking(false);
- sc.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
- logger.info(selectionKey.hashCode());
- }
- private void Readable(SelectionKey selectionKey) throws Exception{
- logger.info("read:"+(++step));
- SocketChannel sc = (SocketChannel)selectionKey.channel();
- buffer.clear();
- int num = sc.read(buffer);
- String request = "";
- if(num > 0){
- buffer.flip();
- request = charset.decode(buffer).toString();
- sc.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_WRITE,request);
- }else{
- sc.close();
- }
- logger.info(selectionKey.hashCode()+":"+request);
- }
- private void Writable(SelectionKey selectionKey) throws Exception{
- logger.info("write:"+(++step));
- String request = (String)selectionKey.attachment();
- SocketChannel sc = (SocketChannel)selectionKey.channel();
- String answer = "not supported";
- if(request.equals("your name?")){
- answer = "server";
- }
- logger.info(selectionKey.hashCode()+":"+answer);
- buffer.clear();
- buffer.put(charset.encode(answer));
- buffer.flip();
- while(buffer.hasRemaining())
- sc.write(buffer);
- sc.close();
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- Server server = new Server();
- try{
- server.service();
- }catch(Exception e){
- e.printStackTrace();
- logger.error("Server run exception!");
- }
- }
- }
IO工具类:
- package com.test.util;
- import java.io.DataInputStream;
- import java.io.DataOutputStream;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.InputStream;
- import java.io.OutputStream;
- import java.net.Socket;
- public class SocketIO{
- public static DataInputStream getInput(Socket socket) throws IOException{
- //接收缓存区大小,socket获取输入流之前设置
- socket.setReceiveBufferSize(10);
- InputStream input = socket.getInputStream();
- return new DataInputStream(input);
- }
- public static DataOutputStream getOutput(Socket socket) throws IOException{
- //发送缓存区大小,socket获取输出流之前设置
- socket.setSendBufferSize(10);
- OutputStream output = socket.getOutputStream();
- return new DataOutputStream(output);
- }
- }
log4j日志配置文件:
- log4j.rootLogger=debug,logOutput
- log console out put
- log4j.appender.logOutput=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
- log4j.appender.logOutput.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
- log4j.appender.logOutput.layout.ConversionPattern=%p%d{[yy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss]}[%c] -> %m%n
server端的运行结果:
- INFO[13-10-16 11:40:41][com.test.server.Server] -> Server start up!
- INFO[13-10-16 11:40:53][com.test.server.Server] -> accept:1
- INFO[13-10-16 11:41:14][com.test.server.Server] -> 20469344
- INFO[13-10-16 11:41:21][com.test.server.Server] -> read:2
- INFO[13-10-16 11:41:37][com.test.server.Server] -> 11688861:your name?
- INFO[13-10-16 11:43:00][com.test.server.Server] -> write:3
- INFO[13-10-16 11:43:00][com.test.server.Server] -> 11688861:server
可以看到readable方法中的SelectionKey和writable方法中的SelectionKey的哈希码是完全相同的,是同一个SelectionKey
SelectionKey是在SocketChannel类或ServerSocketChannel类注册要监控的事件时产生的,这两个类本身并没有register方法,需要查看它们共同父类AbstractSelectableChannel(只有关键代码):
- public abstract class AbstractSelectableChannel
- extends SelectableChannel{
- ......
- // Keys that have been created by registering this channel with selectors.
- // They are saved because if this channel is closed the keys must be
- // deregistered. Protected by keyLock.
- private SelectionKey[] keys = null;
- public final SelectionKey register(Selector sel, int ops, Object att)
- throws ClosedChannelException{
- if (!isOpen())
- throw new ClosedChannelException();
- if ((ops & ~validOps()) != 0)
- throw new IllegalArgumentException();
- synchronized (regLock) {
- if (blocking)
- throw new IllegalBlockingModeException();
- SelectionKey k = findKey(sel);
- if (k != null) {
- k.interestOps(ops);
- k.attach(att);
- }
- if (k == null) {
- // New registration
- k = ((AbstractSelector)sel).register(this, ops, att);
- addKey(k);
- }
- return k;
- }
- }
- private SelectionKey findKey(Selector sel) {
- synchronized (keyLock) {
- if (keys == null)
- return null;
- for (int i = 0; i < keys.length; i++)
- if ((keys[i] != null) && (keys[i].selector() == sel))
- return keys[i];
- return null;
- }
- }
- void removeKey(SelectionKey k) { // package-private
- synchronized (keyLock) {
- for (int i = 0; i < keys.length; i++)
- if (keys[i] == k) {
- keys[i] = null;
- keyCount--;
- }
- ((AbstractSelectionKey)k).invalidate();
- }
- }
- ......
- }
ServerSocketChannel和Socketchannel向Selector中注册了特定事件,Selector就会监控这些事件是否发生。ServerSocketChannel和Socketchannel都为AbstractSelectableChannel类的子类,AbstractSelectableChannel类的register方法负责注册事件,该方法会返回一个SelectionKey对象,该对象用于跟踪被注册事件
- public abstract class SelectionKey {
- protected SelectionKey() { }
- public abstract SelectableChannel channel();
- public abstract Selector selector();
- ......
- }
一个Selector对象中包含了3种类型的键集(即SelectionKey集合,SelectionKey在以下部分被称为“键”)
1,all-keys:所有注册至该Selector的事件键集(selector.keys())
2,selected-keys:相关事件已经被Selector捕获的键集(selector.selectedKeys())
3,cancel-keys:已被取消的键集(无法访问该集合)
selected-keys和cancel-keys都为all-keys的子集,对于一个新建的Selector,这3个键集都为空
注册事件时会将相应的SelectionKey加入Selector的all-keys键集中
取消SelectionKey或者关闭了SelectionKey相关联的Channel,则会将相应的SelectionKey加入cancel-keys键集中
当执行选择器的选择操作时(selector.select(),对于选择器来说,这个方法应该是相当重要的):
1,将cancel-keys中的每个SelectionKey从3个键集中移除(如果存在的话),并注销SelectionKey所关联的Channel,cancel-keys键集变为空集。
2,如果监控的事件发生,Selector会将相关的SelectionKey加入selected-keys键集中
以下为对源代码的分析、推测:
Selector作为选择器,保存了所有的Selectionkey(注册的,取消的,触发的),通过上面的AbstractSelectableChannel类的源代码,发现Channel本身也保存了一个自身关联的SelectionKey数组,这看起来是完全没有必要的,但是仔细看一下register方法,能看出些许端倪:
Selector本身维护了3个集合,all-keys,selected-keys和cancel-keys,频繁的注册操作、取消注册将会导致这3个集合频繁的变化,伴随频繁变化的是频繁的加锁,这会严重的降低Selector的性能,毕竟一个Selector会被多个Channel作为选择器使用,本身非阻塞的实现方式就是提高性能的一种解决方式
当注册新的事件时,如果存在该通道相关的SelectionKey,则更新该SelectionKey所关注的事件以及其携带的附加信息,如果不存在,则添加新的SelectionKey
这样做的好处是,比起删除以前的SelectionKey,添加新的SelectionKey,修改SelectionKey所关注的事件以及其携带的附加信息显然是更好的选择,毕竟不需要修改Selector所维护的键集,当然也不需要频繁加锁(通过查看Selector类的api,SelectionKey并不是thread-safe的,显然并没有加锁,但是并没有什么问题),能够提供更好的性能
总之,SelectionKey的哈希码会重复是很正常的,毕竟不是单纯的注册时新建、触发后删除方式,Java实现时进行了优化