集合之线程安全

Map map = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap(1));

                     Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList());

    private static class SynchronizedMap<K,V>
	implements Map<K,V>, Serializable {
	// use serialVersionUID from JDK 1.2.2 for interoperability
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1978198479659022715L;

	private final Map<K,V> m;     // Backing Map
        final Object      mutex;	// Object on which to synchronize

	SynchronizedMap(Map<K,V> m) {
            if (m==null)
                throw new NullPointerException();
            this.m = m;
            mutex = this;
        }

	SynchronizedMap(Map<K,V> m, Object mutex) {
            this.m = m;
            this.mutex = mutex;
        }

	public int size() {
	    synchronized(mutex) {return m.size();}
        }
	public boolean isEmpty(){
	    synchronized(mutex) {return m.isEmpty();}
        }
	public boolean containsKey(Object key) {
	    synchronized(mutex) {return m.containsKey(key);}
        }
	public boolean containsValue(Object value){
	    synchronized(mutex) {return m.containsValue(value);}
        }
	public V get(Object key) {
	    synchronized(mutex) {return m.get(key);}
        }

	public V put(K key, V value) {
	    synchronized(mutex) {return m.put(key, value);}
        }
	public V remove(Object key) {
	    synchronized(mutex) {return m.remove(key);}
        }
	public void putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> map) {
	    synchronized(mutex) {m.putAll(map);}
        }
	public void clear() {
	    synchronized(mutex) {m.clear();}
	}

	private transient Set<K> keySet = null;
	private transient Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet = null;
	private transient Collection<V> values = null;

	public Set<K> keySet() {
            synchronized(mutex) {
                if (keySet==null)
                    keySet = new SynchronizedSet<K>(m.keySet(), mutex);
                return keySet;
            }
	}

	public Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet() {
            synchronized(mutex) {
                if (entrySet==null)
                    entrySet = new SynchronizedSet<Map.Entry<K,V>>(m.entrySet(), mutex);
                return entrySet;
            }
	}

	public Collection<V> values() {
            synchronized(mutex) {
                if (values==null)
                    values = new SynchronizedCollection<V>(m.values(), mutex);
                return values;
            }
        }

	public boolean equals(Object o) {
            synchronized(mutex) {return m.equals(o);}
        }
	public int hashCode() {
            synchronized(mutex) {return m.hashCode();}
        }
	public String toString() {
	    synchronized(mutex) {return m.toString();}
        }
        private void writeObject(ObjectOutputStream s) throws IOException {
	    synchronized(mutex) {s.defaultWriteObject();}
        }
    }

 

使用了Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap(1))就将非线程安全的变为线程安全的了，同时性能也降低了，但有些时候也并非那么完美，比如并发的时候：

			 Map map = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap(1));
			 if(map.containsKey("str")){
				 map.remove("str");
			 }

jdk1.5新增了ConcurrentLinkedQueue、ConcurrentHashMap、CopyOnWriteArrayList 和 CopyOnWriteArraySet对这些集合进行并发修改是安全的。