定义:字符设备的一种,它们共享一个主设备号(10),但次设备号不同,所有的混杂设备形成一个链表,对设备访问时内核根据次设备号查找到相应的miscdevice设备。
例如:触摸屏,LED,按键,串口。
即:为了节约主设备号,将某些设备用链表的形式连接在一起,最后通过查找次设备区分。这里用主设备无法匹配出设备驱动,只能找到链表,再通过次设备号,才能找到设备驱动。而之前所学的,一般字符设备,通过主设备号,就能找到设备驱动了。
混杂设备驱动内置有自动创建设备节点的代码,所以编译好之后,能自动创建设备节点。
相关的宏,定义在 kernel/include/linux/miscdevice.h
[cpp] view plaincopy
#ifndef _LINUX_MISCDEVICE_H
#define _LINUX_MISCDEVICE_H
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/major.h>
/*
* These allocations are managed by device@lanana.org. If you use an
* entry that is not in assigned your entry may well be moved and
* reassigned, or set dynamic if a fixed value is not justified.
*/
#define PSMOUSE_MINOR 1
#define MS_BUSMOUSE_MINOR 2
#define ATIXL_BUSMOUSE_MINOR 3
/*#define AMIGAMOUSE_MINOR 4 FIXME OBSOLETE */
#define ATARIMOUSE_MINOR 5
#define SUN_MOUSE_MINOR 6
#define APOLLO_MOUSE_MINOR 7
#define PC110PAD_MINOR 9
/*#define ADB_MOUSE_MINOR 10 FIXME OBSOLETE */
#define WATCHDOG_MINOR 130 /* Watchdog timer */
#define TEMP_MINOR 131 /* Temperature Sensor */
#define RTC_MINOR 135
#define EFI_RTC_MINOR 136 /* EFI Time services */
#define SUN_OPENPROM_MINOR 139
#define DMAPI_MINOR 140 /* DMAPI */
#define NVRAM_MINOR 144
#define SGI_MMTIMER 153
#define STORE_QUEUE_MINOR 155
#define I2O_MINOR 166
#define MICROCODE_MINOR 184
#define TUN_MINOR 200
#define MWAVE_MINOR 219 /* ACP/Mwave Modem */
#define MPT_MINOR 220
#define MPT2SAS_MINOR 221
#define HPET_MINOR 228
#define FUSE_MINOR 229
#define KVM_MINOR 232
#define BTRFS_MINOR 234
#define AUTOFS_MINOR 235
#define MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR 255
struct device;
struct miscdevice {
int minor; //次设备号
const char *name; //设备名
const struct file_operations *fops;//文件操作
struct list_head list; //形成链表
struct device *parent;
struct device *this_device;
const char *nodename;
mode_t mode;
};
extern int misc_register(struct miscdevice * misc); //混杂设备注册
extern int misc_deregister(struct miscdevice *misc); //混杂设备注销
#define MODULE_ALIAS_MISCDEV(minor) \
MODULE_ALIAS("char-major-" __stringify(MISC_MAJOR) \
"-" __stringify(minor))
#endif
杂项设备的核心函数的定义位于:kernel/drivers/char/misc.c
/**
* misc_register - register a miscellaneous device
* @misc: device structure
*
* Register a miscellaneous device with the kernel. If the minor
* number is set to %MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR a minor number is assigned
* and placed in the minor field of the structure. For other cases
* the minor number requested is used.
*
* The structure passed is linked into the kernel and may not be
* destroyed until it has been unregistered.
*
* A zero is returned on success and a negative errno code for
* failure.
*/
int misc_register(struct miscdevice * misc)
{
struct miscdevice *c;
dev_t dev;
int err = 0;
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&misc->list);
mutex_lock(&misc_mtx);
list_for_each_entry(c, &misc_list, list) {
if (c->minor == misc->minor) {
mutex_unlock(&misc_mtx);
return -EBUSY;
}
}
if (misc->minor == MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR) { //#define MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR 255
int i = find_first_zero_bit(misc_minors, DYNAMIC_MINORS); //#define DYNAMIC_MINORS 64 /* like dynamic majors */
if (i >= DYNAMIC_MINORS) {
mutex_unlock(&misc_mtx);
return -EBUSY;
}
misc->minor = DYNAMIC_MINORS - i - 1;
set_bit(i, misc_minors);
}
//获得设备号
dev = MKDEV(MISC_MAJOR, misc->minor); //#define MISC_MAJOR 10 // 在 kernel/include/linux/major.h 中定义。
misc->this_device = device_create(misc_class, misc->parent, dev, misc, "%s", misc->name);//说明了混杂设备驱动内部有自动设备驱动,可自动
//创建设备节点
if (IS_ERR(misc->this_device)) {
int i = DYNAMIC_MINORS - misc->minor - 1;
if (i < DYNAMIC_MINORS && i >= 0)
clear_bit(i, misc_minors);
err = PTR_ERR(misc->this_device);
goto out;
}
/*
* Add it to the front, so that later devices can "override"
* earlier defaults
*/
list_add(&misc->list, &misc_list);
out:
mutex_unlock(&misc_mtx);
return err;
}
/**
* misc_deregister - unregister a miscellaneous device
* @misc: device to unregister
*
* Unregister a miscellaneous device that was previously
* successfully registered with misc_register(). Success
* is indicated by a zero return, a negative errno code
* indicates an error.
*/
int misc_deregister(struct miscdevice *misc)
{
int i = DYNAMIC_MINORS - misc->minor - 1;
if (list_empty(&misc->list))
return -EINVAL;
mutex_lock(&misc_mtx);
list_del(&misc->list);
device_destroy(misc_class, MKDEV(MISC_MAJOR, misc->minor));
if (i < DYNAMIC_MINORS && i >= 0)
clear_bit(i, misc_minors);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(misc_register);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(misc_deregister);
static char *misc_devnode(struct device *dev, mode_t *mode)
{
struct miscdevice *c = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
if (mode && c->mode)
*mode = c->mode;
if (c->nodename)
return kstrdup(c->nodename, GFP_KERNEL);
return NULL;
}
static int __init misc_init(void)
{
int err;
#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
proc_create("misc", 0, NULL, &misc_proc_fops);
#endif
misc_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "misc");
err = PTR_ERR(misc_class);
if (IS_ERR(misc_class))
goto fail_remove;
err = -EIO;
if (register_chrdev(MISC_MAJOR,"misc",&misc_fops))
goto fail_printk;
misc_class->devnode = misc_devnode;
return 0;
fail_printk:
printk("unable to get major %d for misc devices\n", MISC_MAJOR);
class_destroy(misc_class);
fail_remove:
remove_proc_entry("misc", NULL);
return err;
}
subsys_initcall(misc_init);
以下是创建自动设备节点相关代码
"kernel/drivers/base/core.c"
struct device *device_create(struct class *class, struct device *parent, dev_t devt, void *drvdata, const char *fmt, ...)
{
va_list vargs;
struct device *dev;
va_start(vargs, fmt);
dev = device_create_vargs(class, parent, devt, drvdata, fmt, vargs);
va_end(vargs);
return dev;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(device_create);
static int __match_devt(struct device *dev, void *data)
{
dev_t *devt = data;
return dev->devt == *devt;
}
/**
* device_destroy - removes a device that was created with device_create()
* @class: pointer to the struct class that this device was registered with
* @devt: the dev_t of the device that was previously registered
*
* This call unregisters and cleans up a device that was created with a
* call to device_create().
*/
void device_destroy(struct class *class, dev_t devt)
{
struct device *dev;
dev = class_find_device(class, NULL, &devt, __match_devt);
if (dev) {
put_device(dev);
device_unregister(dev);
}
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(device_destroy);
转载至:http://blog.csdn.net/duanlove/article/details/8225624#
例如:触摸屏,LED,按键,串口。
即:为了节约主设备号,将某些设备用链表的形式连接在一起,最后通过查找次设备区分。这里用主设备无法匹配出设备驱动,只能找到链表,再通过次设备号,才能找到设备驱动。而之前所学的,一般字符设备,通过主设备号,就能找到设备驱动了。
混杂设备驱动内置有自动创建设备节点的代码,所以编译好之后,能自动创建设备节点。
相关的宏,定义在 kernel/include/linux/miscdevice.h
[cpp] view plaincopy
#ifndef _LINUX_MISCDEVICE_H
#define _LINUX_MISCDEVICE_H
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/major.h>
/*
* These allocations are managed by device@lanana.org. If you use an
* entry that is not in assigned your entry may well be moved and
* reassigned, or set dynamic if a fixed value is not justified.
*/
#define PSMOUSE_MINOR 1
#define MS_BUSMOUSE_MINOR 2
#define ATIXL_BUSMOUSE_MINOR 3
/*#define AMIGAMOUSE_MINOR 4 FIXME OBSOLETE */
#define ATARIMOUSE_MINOR 5
#define SUN_MOUSE_MINOR 6
#define APOLLO_MOUSE_MINOR 7
#define PC110PAD_MINOR 9
/*#define ADB_MOUSE_MINOR 10 FIXME OBSOLETE */
#define WATCHDOG_MINOR 130 /* Watchdog timer */
#define TEMP_MINOR 131 /* Temperature Sensor */
#define RTC_MINOR 135
#define EFI_RTC_MINOR 136 /* EFI Time services */
#define SUN_OPENPROM_MINOR 139
#define DMAPI_MINOR 140 /* DMAPI */
#define NVRAM_MINOR 144
#define SGI_MMTIMER 153
#define STORE_QUEUE_MINOR 155
#define I2O_MINOR 166
#define MICROCODE_MINOR 184
#define TUN_MINOR 200
#define MWAVE_MINOR 219 /* ACP/Mwave Modem */
#define MPT_MINOR 220
#define MPT2SAS_MINOR 221
#define HPET_MINOR 228
#define FUSE_MINOR 229
#define KVM_MINOR 232
#define BTRFS_MINOR 234
#define AUTOFS_MINOR 235
#define MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR 255
struct device;
struct miscdevice {
int minor; //次设备号
const char *name; //设备名
const struct file_operations *fops;//文件操作
struct list_head list; //形成链表
struct device *parent;
struct device *this_device;
const char *nodename;
mode_t mode;
};
extern int misc_register(struct miscdevice * misc); //混杂设备注册
extern int misc_deregister(struct miscdevice *misc); //混杂设备注销
#define MODULE_ALIAS_MISCDEV(minor) \
MODULE_ALIAS("char-major-" __stringify(MISC_MAJOR) \
"-" __stringify(minor))
#endif
杂项设备的核心函数的定义位于:kernel/drivers/char/misc.c
/**
* misc_register - register a miscellaneous device
* @misc: device structure
*
* Register a miscellaneous device with the kernel. If the minor
* number is set to %MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR a minor number is assigned
* and placed in the minor field of the structure. For other cases
* the minor number requested is used.
*
* The structure passed is linked into the kernel and may not be
* destroyed until it has been unregistered.
*
* A zero is returned on success and a negative errno code for
* failure.
*/
int misc_register(struct miscdevice * misc)
{
struct miscdevice *c;
dev_t dev;
int err = 0;
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&misc->list);
mutex_lock(&misc_mtx);
list_for_each_entry(c, &misc_list, list) {
if (c->minor == misc->minor) {
mutex_unlock(&misc_mtx);
return -EBUSY;
}
}
if (misc->minor == MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR) { //#define MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR 255
int i = find_first_zero_bit(misc_minors, DYNAMIC_MINORS); //#define DYNAMIC_MINORS 64 /* like dynamic majors */
if (i >= DYNAMIC_MINORS) {
mutex_unlock(&misc_mtx);
return -EBUSY;
}
misc->minor = DYNAMIC_MINORS - i - 1;
set_bit(i, misc_minors);
}
//获得设备号
dev = MKDEV(MISC_MAJOR, misc->minor); //#define MISC_MAJOR 10 // 在 kernel/include/linux/major.h 中定义。
misc->this_device = device_create(misc_class, misc->parent, dev, misc, "%s", misc->name);//说明了混杂设备驱动内部有自动设备驱动,可自动
//创建设备节点
if (IS_ERR(misc->this_device)) {
int i = DYNAMIC_MINORS - misc->minor - 1;
if (i < DYNAMIC_MINORS && i >= 0)
clear_bit(i, misc_minors);
err = PTR_ERR(misc->this_device);
goto out;
}
/*
* Add it to the front, so that later devices can "override"
* earlier defaults
*/
list_add(&misc->list, &misc_list);
out:
mutex_unlock(&misc_mtx);
return err;
}
/**
* misc_deregister - unregister a miscellaneous device
* @misc: device to unregister
*
* Unregister a miscellaneous device that was previously
* successfully registered with misc_register(). Success
* is indicated by a zero return, a negative errno code
* indicates an error.
*/
int misc_deregister(struct miscdevice *misc)
{
int i = DYNAMIC_MINORS - misc->minor - 1;
if (list_empty(&misc->list))
return -EINVAL;
mutex_lock(&misc_mtx);
list_del(&misc->list);
device_destroy(misc_class, MKDEV(MISC_MAJOR, misc->minor));
if (i < DYNAMIC_MINORS && i >= 0)
clear_bit(i, misc_minors);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(misc_register);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(misc_deregister);
static char *misc_devnode(struct device *dev, mode_t *mode)
{
struct miscdevice *c = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
if (mode && c->mode)
*mode = c->mode;
if (c->nodename)
return kstrdup(c->nodename, GFP_KERNEL);
return NULL;
}
static int __init misc_init(void)
{
int err;
#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
proc_create("misc", 0, NULL, &misc_proc_fops);
#endif
misc_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "misc");
err = PTR_ERR(misc_class);
if (IS_ERR(misc_class))
goto fail_remove;
err = -EIO;
if (register_chrdev(MISC_MAJOR,"misc",&misc_fops))
goto fail_printk;
misc_class->devnode = misc_devnode;
return 0;
fail_printk:
printk("unable to get major %d for misc devices\n", MISC_MAJOR);
class_destroy(misc_class);
fail_remove:
remove_proc_entry("misc", NULL);
return err;
}
subsys_initcall(misc_init);
以下是创建自动设备节点相关代码
"kernel/drivers/base/core.c"
struct device *device_create(struct class *class, struct device *parent, dev_t devt, void *drvdata, const char *fmt, ...)
{
va_list vargs;
struct device *dev;
va_start(vargs, fmt);
dev = device_create_vargs(class, parent, devt, drvdata, fmt, vargs);
va_end(vargs);
return dev;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(device_create);
static int __match_devt(struct device *dev, void *data)
{
dev_t *devt = data;
return dev->devt == *devt;
}
/**
* device_destroy - removes a device that was created with device_create()
* @class: pointer to the struct class that this device was registered with
* @devt: the dev_t of the device that was previously registered
*
* This call unregisters and cleans up a device that was created with a
* call to device_create().
*/
void device_destroy(struct class *class, dev_t devt)
{
struct device *dev;
dev = class_find_device(class, NULL, &devt, __match_devt);
if (dev) {
put_device(dev);
device_unregister(dev);
}
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(device_destroy);
转载至:http://blog.csdn.net/duanlove/article/details/8225624#