vc++socket 变量函数的功能说明

WSADATA
w:windows
s:socket
定义：

摘自<winsock.h>
typedef struct WSAData {
        WORD                    wVersion;
        WORD                    wHighVersion;
#ifdef _WIN64
        unsigned short          iMaxSockets;
        unsigned short          iMaxUdpDg;
        char FAR *              lpVendorInfo;
        char                    szDescription[WSADESCRIPTION_LEN+1];
        char                    szSystemStatus[WSASYS_STATUS_LEN+1];
#else
        char                    szDescription[WSADESCRIPTION_LEN+1];
        char                    szSystemStatus[WSASYS_STATUS_LEN+1];
        unsigned short          iMaxSockets;
        unsigned short          iMaxUdpDg;
        char FAR *              lpVendorInfo;
#endif
} WSADATA;

作用：WSADATA结构被用来保存AfxSocketInit函数返回的WindowsSockets初始化信息。

大凡大凡在WIN32平台上的WINSOCK编程都要经过下列步骤:
定义变量->获得WINDOCK版本->加载WINSOCK库->初始化->创建套接字->设置套接字选项->关闭套接字->卸载WINSOCK库->释放资源

 下面介绍WINSOCK C/S的建立过程:

 服务器                         客户端

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1 初始化WSA 1 初始化WSA

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2 建立一个SOCKET 2 建立一个SOCKET

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3 绑定SOCKET 3 连接到服务器

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4 在指定的端口监听 4 发送和接受数据

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5 接受一个连接 5 断开连接
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6 发送和接受数据

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7 断开连接

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大家注意,在VC中进行WINSOCK编程时,需要引入如下两个库文件:WINSOCK.H(这个是WINSOCK API的头文件,WIN2K以上支持WINSOCK2,所以

可以用WINSOCK2.H);Ws2_32.lib(WINSOCK API连接库文件).
使用方式如下:
#include

if(iResuit=WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2),&wsaData)!=0)
{
     printf("WSAStartup failed:%d",GetLastError());   //返回值不等与0,说明初始化失败

     if ( bind( server, (SOCKADDR*) &service, sizeof(service) ) == SOCKET_ERROR ) {
         printf( "bind() failed.\n" );
         closesocket(server);
         return;
     }

                                                                               // 监听 socket
     if ( listen( server, 1 ) == SOCKET_ERROR )
         printf( "Error listening on socket.\n");

                                                                                 // 接受连接
     SOCKET AcceptSocket;

     printf( "Waiting for a client to connect...\n" );
     while (1) {
         AcceptSocket = SOCKET_ERROR;
         while ( AcceptSocket == SOCKET_ERROR ) {
             AcceptSocket = accept( server, NULL, NULL );
         }
         printf( "Client Connected.\n");
         server = AcceptSocket;
         break;
     }

                                                                                      // 发送接受数据
     int bytesSent;
     int bytesRecv = SOCKET_ERROR;
     char sendbuf[32] = "Server: Sending Data.";
     char recvbuf[32] = "";

     bytesRecv = recv( server, recvbuf, 32, 0 );
     printf( "Bytes Recv: %ld\n", bytesRecv );

     bytesSent = send( server, sendbuf, strlen(sendbuf), 0 );
     printf( "Bytes Sent: %ld\n", bytesSent );

     return;