一、写本博文的原因
年初刚加入到现在的项目时,在使用注解时我用的@Resource。后来,同事:你怎么使用@Resource注解?我:使用它有错吗?同事:没错,但是现在都使用@Autowired。我:我研究一下。
在大学,学习J2EE实训时一直使用的是@Resource注解,后来我就养成习惯了。现在对这两个注解做一下解释:
- @Resource默认按照名称方式进行bean匹配,@Autowired默认按照类型方式进行bean匹配
- @Resource(import javax.annotation.Resource;)是J2EE的注解,@Autowired( import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;)是Spring的注解
Spring属于第三方的,J2EE是Java自己的东西。使用@Resource可以减少代码和Spring之间的耦合。
二、@Resource注入
现在有一个接口Human和两个实现类ManImpl、WomanImpl,在service层的一个bean中要引用了接口Human,这种情况处理如下:
接口Human
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package testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service;
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public interface Human {
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public void speak();
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public void walk();
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}
实现类ManImpl
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package testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.impl;
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import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
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import testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.Human;
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public class ManImpl implements Human {
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public void speak() {
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System.out.println( " man speaking!");
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}
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public void walk() {
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System.out.println( " man walking!");
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}
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}
实现类WomanImpl
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package testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.impl;
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import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
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import testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.Human;
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public class WomanImpl implements Human {
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public void speak() {
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System.out.println( " woman speaking!");
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}
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public void walk() {
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System.out.println( " woman walking!");
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}
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}
主调类SequenceServiceImpl
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package testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.impl;
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import java.util.Map;
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import javax.annotation.Resource;
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import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
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import testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.dao.SequenceMapper;
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import testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.Human;
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import testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.SequenceService;
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public class SequenceServiceImpl implements SequenceService {
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private SequenceMapper sequenceMapper;
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public void generateId(Map<String, String> map) {
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sequenceMapper.generateId(map);
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}
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//起服务此处会报错
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private Human human;
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}
这时候启动tomcat会包如下错误:
严重: Exception sendingcontext initialized event to listener instance of classorg.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListenerorg.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating beanwith name 'sequenceServiceImpl': Injection of resource dependencies failed;nested exception isorg.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException: Noqualifying bean of type [testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.Human] is defined:expected single matching beanbut found 2: manImpl,womanImpl atorg.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:311) atorg.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1214)
报错的地方给我们提示了:but found 2: manImpl,womanImpl 意思是Human有两个实现类。解决方案如下:
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package testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.impl;
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import java.util.Map;
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import javax.annotation.Resource;
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import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
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import testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.dao.SequenceMapper;
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import testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.Human;
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import testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.SequenceService;
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public class SequenceServiceImpl implements SequenceService {
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private SequenceMapper sequenceMapper;
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public void generateId(Map<String, String> map) {
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sequenceMapper.generateId(map);
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}
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"manImpl") //注意是manImpl不是ManImpl,因为使用@Service,容器为我们创建bean时默认类名首字母小写(name =
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private Human human;
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}
这样启动服务就不会报错了。如果是使用的@Autowired注解,要配上@Qualifier("manImpl"),代码如下:
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package testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.impl;
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import java.util.Map;
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import javax.annotation.Resource;
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import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
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import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
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import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
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import testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.dao.SequenceMapper;
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import testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.Human;
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import testwebapp.com.wangzuojia.service.SequenceService;
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public class SequenceServiceImpl implements SequenceService {
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private SequenceMapper sequenceMapper;
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public void generateId(Map<String, String> map) {
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sequenceMapper.generateId(map);
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}
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"manImpl")(
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private Human human;
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}