Android的AlertDialog详解

于 2012-10-25 09:20:27 发布
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分类专栏： Android

原文地址：http://www.2cto.com/kf/201205/131876.html

另外一个说明了AlerDialog原理的地址：http://android.blog.51cto.com/268543/333769

AlertDialog的构造方法全部是Protected的，所以不能直接通过new一个AlertDialog来创建出一个AlertDialog。

要创建一个AlertDialog，就要用到AlertDialog.Builder中的create()方法。

使用AlertDialog.Builder创建对话框需要了解以下几个方法：

setTitle ：为对话框设置标题
setIcon ：为对话框设置图标
setMessage：为对话框设置内容
setView ： 给对话框设置自定义样式
setItems ：设置对话框要显示的一个list，一般用于显示几个命令时
setMultiChoiceItems ：用来设置对话框显示一系列的复选框
setNeutralButton ：普通按钮

setPositiveButton ：给对话框添加"Yes"按钮
setNegativeButton ：对话框添加"No"按钮
create ： 创建对话框
show ：显示对话框
一、简单的AlertDialog

下面，创建一个简单的ALertDialog并显示它：

[java] package com.tianjf; 

import android.app.Activity; 
import android.app.AlertDialog; 
import android.app.Dialog; 
import android.os.Bundle; 

public class Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity extends Activity { 
/** Called when the activity is first created. */ 
@Override 
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { 
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); 
setContentView(R.layout.main); 

Dialog alertDialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this). 
setTitle("对话框的标题"). 
setMessage("对话框的内容"). 
setIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher). 
create(); 
alertDialog.show(); 
} 
} 
package com.tianjf;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.app.Dialog;
import android.os.Bundle;

public class Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity extends Activity {
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);

Dialog alertDialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this).
setTitle("对话框的标题").
setMessage("对话框的内容").
setIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher).
create();
alertDialog.show();
}


}


 

运行结果如下：

\


二、带按钮的AlertDialog

上面的例子很简单，下面我们在这个AlertDialog上面加几个Button，实现删除操作的提示对话框


 

[java] package com.tianjf; 

import android.app.Activity; 
import android.app.AlertDialog; 
import android.app.Dialog; 
import android.content.DialogInterface; 
import android.os.Bundle; 

public class Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity extends Activity { 
/** Called when the activity is first created. */ 
@Override 
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { 
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); 
setContentView(R.layout.main); 

Dialog alertDialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this). 
setTitle("确定删除？"). 
setMessage("您确定删除该条信息吗？"). 
setIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher). 
setPositiveButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { 

@Override 
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { 
// TODO Auto-generated method stub 
} 
}). 
setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { 

@Override 
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { 
// TODO Auto-generated method stub 
} 
}). 
setNeutralButton("查看详情", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { 

@Override 
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { 
// TODO Auto-generated method stub 
} 
}). 
create(); 
alertDialog.show(); 
} 
} 
package com.tianjf;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.app.Dialog;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.os.Bundle;

public class Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity extends Activity {
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);

Dialog alertDialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this).
setTitle("确定删除？").
setMessage("您确定删除该条信息吗？").
setIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher).
setPositiveButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
}).
setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
}).
setNeutralButton("查看详情", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
}).
create();
alertDialog.show();
}
}


 

在这个例子中，我们定义了三个按钮，分别是"Yes"按钮，"No"按钮以及一个普通按钮，每个按钮都有onClick事件，TODO的地方可以放点了按钮之后想要做的一些处理

看一下运行结果：

\


可以看到三个按钮添加到了AlertDialog上，三个没有添加事件处理的按钮，点了只是关闭对话框，没有任何其他操作。

三、类似ListView的AlertDialog
用setItems(CharSequence[] items, final OnClickListener listener)方法来实现类似ListView的AlertDialog

第一个参数是要显示的数据的数组，第二个参数是点击某个item的触发事件


 

[java] package com.tianjf; 

import android.app.Activity; 
import android.app.AlertDialog; 
import android.app.Dialog; 
import android.content.DialogInterface; 
import android.os.Bundle; 
import android.widget.Toast; 

public class Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity extends Activity { 
/** Called when the activity is first created. */ 
@Override 
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { 
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); 
setContentView(R.layout.main); 

final String[] arrayFruit = new String[] { "苹果", "橘子", "草莓", "香蕉" }; 

Dialog alertDialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this). 
setTitle("你喜欢吃哪种水果？"). 
setIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher) 
.setItems(arrayFruit, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { 

@Override 
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { 
Toast.makeText(Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity.this, arrayFruit[which], Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); 
} 
}). 
setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { 

@Override 
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { 
// TODO Auto-generated method stub 
} 
}). 
create(); 
alertDialog.show(); 
} 
} 
package com.tianjf;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.app.Dialog;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity extends Activity {
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);

final String[] arrayFruit = new String[] { "苹果", "橘子", "草莓", "香蕉" };

Dialog alertDialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this).
setTitle("你喜欢吃哪种水果？").
setIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher)
.setItems(arrayFruit, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
Toast.makeText(Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity.this, arrayFruit[which], Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}).
setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
}).
create();
alertDialog.show();
}
}


 

运行结果如下：

\

四、类似RadioButton的AlertDialog
用setSingleChoiceItems(CharSequence[] items, int checkedItem, final OnClickListener listener)方法来实现类似RadioButton的AlertDialog

第一个参数是要显示的数据的数组，第二个参数是初始值（初始被选中的item），第三个参数是点击某个item的触发事件

在这个例子里面我们设了一个selectedFruitIndex用来记住选中的item的index


 

[java] package com.tianjf; 

import android.app.Activity; 
import android.app.AlertDialog; 
import android.app.Dialog; 
import android.content.DialogInterface; 
import android.os.Bundle; 
import android.widget.Toast; 

public class Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity extends Activity { 

private int selectedFruitIndex = 0; 

/** Called when the activity is first created. */ 
@Override 
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { 
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); 
setContentView(R.layout.main); 

final String[] arrayFruit = new String[] { "苹果", "橘子", "草莓", "香蕉" }; 

Dialog alertDialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this). 
setTitle("你喜欢吃哪种水果？"). 
setIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher) 
.setSingleChoiceItems(arrayFruit, 0, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { 

@Override 
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { 
selectedFruitIndex = which; 
} 
}). 
setPositiveButton("确认", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { 

@Override 
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { 
Toast.makeText(Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity.this, arrayFruit[selectedFruitIndex], Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); 
} 
}). 
setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { 

@Override 
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { 
// TODO Auto-generated method stub 
} 
}). 
create(); 
alertDialog.show(); 
} 
} 
package com.tianjf;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.app.Dialog;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity extends Activity {

private int selectedFruitIndex = 0;

/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);

final String[] arrayFruit = new String[] { "苹果", "橘子", "草莓", "香蕉" };

Dialog alertDialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this).
setTitle("你喜欢吃哪种水果？").
setIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher)
.setSingleChoiceItems(arrayFruit, 0, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
selectedFruitIndex = which;
}
}).
setPositiveButton("确认", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
Toast.makeText(Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity.this, arrayFruit[selectedFruitIndex], Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}).
setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
}).
create();
alertDialog.show();
}
}


 

运行结果如下：

\


五、类似CheckBox的AlertDialog
用setMultiChoiceItems(CharSequence[] items, boolean[] checkedItems, final OnMultiChoiceClickListener listener)方法来实现类似CheckBox的AlertDialog
第一个参数是要显示的数据的数组，第二个参数是选中状态的数组，第三个参数是点击某个item的触发事件


 

[java] package com.tianjf; 

import android.app.Activity; 
import android.app.AlertDialog; 
import android.app.Dialog; 
import android.content.DialogInterface; 
import android.os.Bundle; 
import android.widget.Toast; 

public class Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity extends Activity { 

private int selectedFruitIndex = 0; 

/** Called when the activity is first created. */ 
@Override 
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { 
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); 
setContentView(R.layout.main); 

final String[] arrayFruit = new String[] { "苹果", "橘子", "草莓", "香蕉" }; 

Dialog alertDialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this). 
setTitle("你喜欢吃哪种水果？"). 
setIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher) 
.setSingleChoiceItems(arrayFruit, 0, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { 

@Override 
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { 
selectedFruitIndex = which; 
} 
}). 
setPositiveButton("确认", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { 

@Override 
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { 
Toast.makeText(Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity.this, arrayFruit[selectedFruitIndex], Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); 
} 
}). 
setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { 

@Override 
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { 
// TODO Auto-generated method stub 
} 
}). 
create(); 
alertDialog.show(); 
} 
} 
package com.tianjf;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.app.Dialog;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity extends Activity {

private int selectedFruitIndex = 0;

/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);

final String[] arrayFruit = new String[] { "苹果", "橘子", "草莓", "香蕉" };

Dialog alertDialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this).
setTitle("你喜欢吃哪种水果？").
setIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher)
.setSingleChoiceItems(arrayFruit, 0, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
selectedFruitIndex = which;
}
}).
setPositiveButton("确认", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
Toast.makeText(Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity.this, arrayFruit[selectedFruitIndex], Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}).
setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
}).
create();
alertDialog.show();
}
}


 

运行结果如下：

\

六、自定义View的AlertDialog
有时候我们不能满足系统自带的AlertDialog风格，就比如说我们要实现一个Login画面，有用户名和密码，这时我们就要用到自定义View的AlertDialog

先创建Login画面的布局文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 
android:layout_width="fill_parent" 
android:layout_height="fill_parent" 
android:orientation="vertical" > 

<LinearLayout 
android:layout_width="fill_parent" 
android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
android:gravity="center" > 

<TextView 
android:layout_width="0dip" 
android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
android:layout_weight="1" 
android:text="@string/user" /> 

<EditText 
android:layout_width="0dip" 
android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
android:layout_weight="1" /> 
</LinearLayout> 

<LinearLayout 
android:layout_width="fill_parent" 
android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
android:gravity="center" > 

<TextView 
android:layout_width="0dip" 
android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
android:layout_weight="1" 
android:text="@string/passward" /> 

<EditText 
android:layout_width="0dip" 
android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
android:layout_weight="1" /> 
</LinearLayout> 

</LinearLayout> 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >

<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:gravity="center" >

<TextView
android:layout_width="0dip"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:text="@string/user" />

<EditText
android:layout_width="0dip"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1" />
</LinearLayout>

<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:gravity="center" >

<TextView
android:layout_width="0dip"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:text="@string/passward" />

<EditText
android:layout_width="0dip"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1" />
</LinearLayout>

</LinearLayout>


 

然后在Activity里面把Login画面的布局文件添加到AlertDialog上

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 
android:layout_width="fill_parent" 
android:layout_height="fill_parent" 
android:orientation="vertical" > 

<LinearLayout 
android:layout_width="fill_parent" 
android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
android:gravity="center" > 

<TextView 
android:layout_width="0dip" 
android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
android:layout_weight="1" 
android:text="@string/user" /> 

<EditText 
android:layout_width="0dip" 
android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
android:layout_weight="1" /> 
</LinearLayout> 

<LinearLayout 
android:layout_width="fill_parent" 
android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
android:gravity="center" > 

<TextView 
android:layout_width="0dip" 
android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
android:layout_weight="1" 
android:text="@string/passward" /> 

<EditText 
android:layout_width="0dip" 
android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
android:layout_weight="1" /> 
</LinearLayout> 

</LinearLayout> 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >

<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:gravity="center" >

<TextView
android:layout_width="0dip"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:text="@string/user" />

<EditText
android:layout_width="0dip"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1" />
</LinearLayout>

<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:gravity="center" >

<TextView
android:layout_width="0dip"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:text="@string/passward" />

<EditText
android:layout_width="0dip"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1" />
</LinearLayout>

</LinearLayout>


 

package com.tianjf;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.app.Dialog;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;

public class Dialog_AlertDialogDemoActivity extends Activity {
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);

// 取得自定义View
LayoutInflater layoutInflater = LayoutInflater.from(this);
View myLoginView = layoutInflater.inflate(R.layout.login, null);

Dialog alertDialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this).
setTitle("用户登录").
setIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher).
setView(myLoginView).
setPositiveButton("登录", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
}).
setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
}).
create();
alertDialog.show();
}
}


 

运行结果如下：

\

 

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