鸿蒙媒体开发系列08——AudioCapturer录制音频

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1、概述

我们在鸿蒙媒体开发系列07——AVRecorder音频录制中我们了解到，HarmonyOS提供了三种录制音频的方式：AVRecorder、AudioCapturer、OpenSL ES。并且介绍了AVRecorder的基本用法，本文中我们将了解AudioCapturer的使用。

AudioCapturer是音频采集器，用于录制PCM（Pulse Code Modulation）音频数据，适合有音频开发经验的开发者实现更灵活的录制功能。

2、核心状态与状态变化关系

使用AudioCapturer录制音频涉及到AudioCapturer实例的创建、音频采集参数的配置、采集的开始与停止、资源的释放等。本文将以一次录制音频数据的过程为例，探讨如何使用AudioCapturer进行音频录制。

在创建实例后，调用对应的方法可以进入指定的状态实现对应的行为。需要注意的是在确定的状态执行不合适的方法可能导致AudioCapturer发生错误，建议在调用状态转换的方法前进行状态检查，避免程序运行产生预期以外的结果。

AudioCapturer状态变化示意图如下

使用on('stateChange')方法可以监听AudioCapturer的状态变化，每个状态对应值与说明如下：

3、开发步骤介绍

1、配置音频采集参数并创建AudioCapturer实例。

import audio from '@ohos.multimedia.audio';let audioStreamInfo = {  samplingRate: audio.AudioSamplingRate.SAMPLE_RATE_44100,  channels: audio.AudioChannel.CHANNEL_2,  sampleFormat: audio.AudioSampleFormat.SAMPLE_FORMAT_S16LE,  encodingType: audio.AudioEncodingType.ENCODING_TYPE_RAW};let audioCapturerInfo = {  source: audio.SourceType.SOURCE_TYPE_MIC,  capturerFlags: 0};let audioCapturerOptions = {  streamInfo: audioStreamInfo,  capturerInfo: audioCapturerInfo};audio.createAudioCapturer(audioCapturerOptions, (err, data) => {  if (err) {    console.error(`Invoke createAudioCapturer failed, code is ${err.code}, message is ${err.message}`);  } else {    console.info('Invoke createAudioCapturer succeeded.');    let audioCapturer = data;  }});

其中，AudioCapturerOptions是一个构造配置入参，类图如下所示（点击看大图）：

2、调用start()方法进入running状态，开始录制音频。​​​​​​​

audioCapturer.start((err) => {  if (err) {    console.error(`Capturer start failed, code is ${err.code}, message is ${err.message}`);  } else {    console.info('Capturer start success.');  }});

3、指定录制文件地址，调用read()方法读取缓冲区的数据。​​​​​​​

let file = fs.openSync(path, 0o2 | 0o100);let bufferSize = await audioCapturer.getBufferSize();let buffer = await audioCapturer.read(bufferSize, true);fs.writeSync(file.fd, buffer);

4、调用stop()方法停止录制。​​​​​​​

audioCapturer.stop((err) => {  if (err) {    console.error(`Capturer stop failed, code is ${err.code}, message is ${err.message}`);  } else {    console.info('Capturer stopped.');  }});

5、 调用release()方法销毁实例，释放资源。​​​​​​​

audioCapturer.release((err) => {  if (err) {    console.error(`capturer release failed, code is ${err.code}, message is ${err.message}`);  } else {    console.info('capturer released.');  }});

使用AudioCapturer录制音频的完整示例代码如下：​​​​​​​

import audio from '@ohos.multimedia.audio';import fs from '@ohos.file.fs';const TAG = 'AudioCapturerDemo';export default class AudioCapturerDemo {  private audioCapturer = undefined;  private audioStreamInfo = {    samplingRate: audio.AudioSamplingRate.SAMPLE_RATE_44100,    channels: audio.AudioChannel.CHANNEL_1,    sampleFormat: audio.AudioSampleFormat.SAMPLE_FORMAT_S16LE,    encodingType: audio.AudioEncodingType.ENCODING_TYPE_RAW  }  private audioCapturerInfo = {    source: audio.SourceType.SOURCE_TYPE_MIC, // 音源类型    capturerFlags: 0 // 音频采集器标志  }  private audioCapturerOptions = {    streamInfo: this.audioStreamInfo,    capturerInfo: this.audioCapturerInfo  }  // 初始化，创建实例，设置监听事件  init() {    audio.createAudioCapturer(this.audioCapturerOptions, (err, capturer) => { // 创建AudioCapturer实例      if (err) {        console.error(`Invoke createAudioCapturer failed, code is ${err.code}, message is ${err.message}`);        return;      }      console.info(`${TAG}: create AudioCapturer success`);      this.audioCapturer = capturer;      this.audioCapturer.on('markReach', 1000, (position) => { // 订阅markReach事件，当采集的帧数达到1000时触发回调        if (position === 1000) {          console.info('ON Triggered successfully');        }      });      this.audioCapturer.on('periodReach', 2000, (position) => { // 订阅periodReach事件，当采集的帧数达到2000时触发回调        if (position === 2000) {          console.info('ON Triggered successfully');        }      });    });  }  // 开始一次音频采集  async start() {    let stateGroup = [audio.AudioState.STATE_PREPARED, audio.AudioState.STATE_PAUSED, audio.AudioState.STATE_STOPPED];    if (stateGroup.indexOf(this.audioCapturer.state) === -1) { // 当且仅当状态为STATE_PREPARED、STATE_PAUSED和STATE_STOPPED之一时才能启动采集      console.error(`${TAG}: start failed`);      return;    }    await this.audioCapturer.start(); // 启动采集    let context = getContext(this);    const path = context.filesDir + '/test.wav'; // 采集到的音频文件存储路径    let file = fs.openSync(path, 0o2 | 0o100); // 如果文件不存在则创建文件    let fd = file.fd;    let numBuffersToCapture = 150; // 循环写入150次    let count = 0;    while (numBuffersToCapture) {      let bufferSize = await this.audioCapturer.getBufferSize();      let buffer = await this.audioCapturer.read(bufferSize, true);      let options = {        offset: count * bufferSize,        length: bufferSize      };      if (buffer === undefined) {        console.error(`${TAG}: read buffer failed`);      } else {        let number = fs.writeSync(fd, buffer, options);        console.info(`${TAG}: write date: ${number}`);      }      numBuffersToCapture--;      count++;    }  }  // 停止采集  async stop() {    // 只有采集器状态为STATE_RUNNING或STATE_PAUSED的时候才可以停止    if (this.audioCapturer.state !== audio.AudioState.STATE_RUNNING && this.audioCapturer.state !== audio.AudioState.STATE_PAUSED) {      console.info('Capturer is not running or paused');      return;    }    await this.audioCapturer.stop(); // 停止采集    if (this.audioCapturer.state === audio.AudioState.STATE_STOPPED) {      console.info('Capturer stopped');    } else {      console.error('Capturer stop failed');    }  }  // 销毁实例，释放资源  async release() {    // 采集器状态不是STATE_RELEASED或STATE_NEW状态，才能release    if (this.audioCapturer.state === audio.AudioState.STATE_RELEASED || this.audioCapturer.state === audio.AudioState.STATE_NEW) {      console.info('Capturer already released');      return;    }    await this.audioCapturer.release(); // 释放资源    if (this.audioCapturer.state == audio.AudioState.STATE_RELEASED) {      console.info('Capturer released');    } else {      console.error('Capturer release failed');    }  }}