java学习笔记——GUI编程

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已于 2025-01-16 02:21:13 修改

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文章标签： java 学习笔记

于 2025-01-16 02:16:43 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/haryjiang42/article/details/145171409

java学习笔记——GUI编程

1、简介

Gui的核心技术：Swing AWT

但是实际应用不广泛

1.因为界面不美观。
2.需要jre环境！
为什么我们要学习？
1.可以写出自己心中想要的一些小工具
2.工作时候，也可能需要维护到swing界面，概率极小！
3.了解MVC架构，了解监听！

2、AWT

2.1、AWT介绍

1、包含了很多类和接口

2、元素：窗口，按钮，文本框

2.2、组件和容器

2.2.1、Frame窗口

**示例1：**打开一个窗口

import java.awt.*;

public class TestFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame  frame = new Frame("我的第一个java图形界面窗口！");
//        设置可见性，true为可见
        frame.setVisible(true);

//        设置窗口大小
        frame.setSize(400,400);

//        设置背景颜色
        frame.setBackground(new Color(36, 125, 34));

//        设置弹出的初始位置
        frame.setLocation(200,200);

//        设置大小固定,默认true大小可改
        frame.setResizable(false);
    }
}

**示例2：**打开多个窗口

import java.awt.*;

public class TestFrame2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        MyFrame myFrame01 = new MyFrame(100, 100, 200, 200, Color.blue);
        MyFrame myFrame02 = new MyFrame(300, 100, 200, 200, Color.yellow);
        MyFrame myFrame03 = new MyFrame(100, 300, 200, 200, Color.red);
        MyFrame myFrame04 = new MyFrame(300, 300, 200, 200, Color.green);

    }
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
    static int id =0;//可能存在多个窗口，我们需要一个计数器
    public MyFrame(int x, int y, int w, int h, Color color){
        //调用父类构造器，必须放在类里首行
        super("Myframe"+(++id));
        setBackground(color);
        setBounds(x,y,w,h);
        setVisible(true);

    }
}

2.2.2、Panel面板

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestPanel {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("面板学习");
        Panel panel = new Panel();

        //设置布局
        frame.setLayout(null);

        //设置窗口坐标及背景颜色
        frame.setBounds(100,100,400,400);
        frame.setBackground(new Color(40, 152, 21));

//        设置panel坐标，相对于frame
        panel.setBounds(50,50,100,200);
        panel.setBackground(new Color(248, 255, 249));

        frame.add(panel);

        frame.setVisible(true);

//        添加窗口关闭监听
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter(){

            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

2.2.3、布局管理器

2.2.3.1流式布局

import java.awt.*;

public class TestFlowLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("TestFlowLayout");

        //组件-按钮
        Button button1 = new Button("button1");
        Button button2 = new Button("button2");
        Button button3 = new Button("button3");
        
        //设置为流式布局,默认居中
        //frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));
        //窗口大小
        frame.setSize(200,200);
        //将按钮添加上去
        frame.add(button1);
        frame.add(button2);
        frame.add(button3);
        //设置可见性
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

2.2.3.2、东西南北中布局

import java.awt.*;

public class TestBorderLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("TestBorderLayout");

        //组件-按钮
        Button east = new Button("East");
        Button west = new Button("West");
        Button south = new Button("South");
        Button north = new Button("North");
        Button center = new Button("Center");

        //设置为东西南北中布局
        frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST);
        frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST);
        frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        //窗口大小
        frame.setSize(200,200);
        //将按钮添加上去

        //设置可见性
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

2.2.3.3表格布局

import java.awt.*;

public class TestGridLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("TestGridLayout");

        //组件-按钮
        Button btn1 = new Button("btn1");
        Button btn2 = new Button("btn2");
        Button btn3 = new Button("btn3");
        Button btn4 = new Button("btn4");
        Button btn5 = new Button("btn5");
        Button btn6 = new Button("btn6");

        //设置为表格布局
        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));
        //添加组件
        frame.add(btn1);
        frame.add(btn2);
        frame.add(btn3);
        frame.add(btn4);
        frame.add(btn5);
        frame.add(btn6);
        //窗口大小
        frame.setSize(200,200);
        //将按钮添加上去

        //设置可见性
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

2.2.3.4练习题：代码实现下图布局

在这里插入图片描述

思路：先建4个面板进行分区，将按键布置于面板。

import java.awt.*;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //设置窗口
        Frame frame = new Frame("Test");
        frame.setSize(600,400);
        frame.setLocation(200,200);
        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
        frame.setVisible(true);

        //新建4个面板
        Panel panel1= new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel panel2= new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel panel3= new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1));
        Panel panel4= new Panel(new GridLayout(2,2));

        //添加按键
        panel1.add(new Button("west-1"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        panel1.add(new Button("east-1"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        panel2.add(new Button("west-2"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        panel2.add(new Button("east-2"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        panel3.add(new Button("p3.btn-1"));
        panel3.add(new Button("p3.btn-2"));
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            panel4.add(new Button("for"+i));
        }
        //panel3、panel4分别添加到panel1、panel2
        panel1.add(panel3,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        panel2.add(panel4,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        //面板添加到窗口
        frame.add(panel1);
        frame.add(panel2);
    }
}

总结：

1.Frame是一个顶级窗口
2.Panel无法单独显示，必须添加到某个容器中。
3.布局管理器
1.流式
2.东西南北中
3.表格
4.大小，定位，背景颜色，可见性，监听！

2.3、事件监听

2.3.1、按钮监听

示例1：一个按钮自动监听

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestActionEvent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
//        按下按钮，触发一些事件
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Button button = new Button();
//        因为，addActionListener()需要一个ActionListener,所以我们需要构造一个ActionListener
        MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener();
        button.addActionListener(myActionListener);
        frame.add(button);
        //窗口自动优化
        frame.pack();
        windowClose(frame);
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
    //关闭窗口的事件AWT
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}
//事件监听
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        System.out.println("你按下了按钮！");
    }
}

**示例2：**两个按钮实现同一个监听

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestActionEvent2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //两个按钮，实现同一个监听
        Frame frame = new Frame("开始-停止");
        Button button1 = new Button("start");
        Button button2 = new Button("stop");

        //可以显示的定义触发返回的命令，如果不显示定义，则会走默认的值！
        //可以多个按钮只写一个监听类
        button2.setActionCommand("button2-stop");
        MyMonitor myMonitor = new MyMonitor();
        button1.addActionListener(myMonitor);
        button2.addActionListener(myMonitor);
        frame.add(button1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(button2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.pack();
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}
class MyMonitor implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //e.getActionCommand() 获得按钮的信息
        System.out.println("按钮被点击了：msg=>"+e.getActionCommand());
//        通过判断语句，实现一个事件监听，多个按钮实现
        if (e.getActionCommand().equals("start")){
            System.out.println("你按下了strat按钮");
        }
        if (e.getActionCommand().equals("button2-stop")){
            System.out.println("你按下了stop按钮");
        }
    }
}

2.3.2、输入框TextField监听

示例1：输入框的使用

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestText01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //启动
       new MyFrame1();

    }
}
class MyFrame1 extends Frame{
    public  MyFrame1(){
        TextField textField = new TextField();
        add(textField);

        //监听这个文本框输入的文字
        MyActionListener2 myActionListener2 = new MyActionListener2();
        textField.addActionListener(myActionListener2);
        //设置替换编码
        textField.setEchoChar('*');
        setVisible(true);
        pack();
    }
}
class MyActionListener2 implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        TextField textField=(TextField)e.getSource();//获得一些资源，返回一个对象
        System.out.println(textField.getText());//获得输入框的文本
        textField.setText("");//null“”,即回车后清除输入框
    }
}

**示例2：**简易加法计算器（过程）

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        new Calculator();
    }
}
//计算器
class Calculator extends Frame{
    public Calculator(){
        //3个文本框
        TextField num1=new TextField(10);//字符数
        TextField num2=new TextField(10);//字符数
        TextField num3=new TextField(20);//字符数

        //1个按钮
        Button button = new Button("=");

        //添加监听事件
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(num1,num2,num3));
        //1个标签
        Label label = new Label("+");
        //布局,流式布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());

        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);
        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
}
//监听事件
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
    //获取三个参数
    private TextField num1,num2,num3;
    //构造方法获取参数
    public MyCalculatorListener(TextField num1,TextField num2,TextField num3){
        this.num1=num1;
        this.num2=num2;
        this.num3=num3;
    }
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //获取加数和被加数
        int n1=Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
        int n2=Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
        //输出结果
        num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
        //清空加数的输入框
        num1.setText("");
        num2.setText("");
    }
}

**示例3：**简易计算器（对象）

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Calculator calculator = new Calculator();
        calculator.loadFrame();
    }
}
//计算器
class Calculator extends Frame{
    //属性
    TextField num1,num2,num3;
    //方法
    public void loadFrame(){
        //3个文本框
        num1=new TextField(10);//字符数
        num2=new TextField(10);//字符数
        num3=new TextField(20);//字符数

        //1个按钮
        Button button = new Button("=");

        //添加监听事件
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(this));
        //1个标签
        Label label = new Label("+");
        //布局,流式布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());

        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);
        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
}
//监听事件
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
    //获取三个参数
    Calculator calculator=null;
    //构造方法获取参数
    public MyCalculatorListener(Calculator calculator){
        this.calculator=calculator;
    }
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        int n1=Integer.parseInt(calculator.num1.getText());
        int n2=Integer.parseInt(calculator.num2.getText());
        //输出结果
        calculator.num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
        //清空加数的输入框
        calculator.num1.setText("");
        calculator.num2.setText("");
    }
}

**示例4：**简易加法计算器（内部类）

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        new Calculator().loadFrame();
    }
}
//计算器
class Calculator extends Frame{
    //属性
    TextField num1,num2,num3;
    //方法
    public void loadFrame(){
        //3个文本框
        num1=new TextField(10);//字符数
        num2=new TextField(10);//字符数
        num3=new TextField(20);//字符数

        //1个按钮
        Button button = new Button("=");

        //添加监听事件
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener());
        //1个标签
        Label label = new Label("+");
        //布局,流式布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());

        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);
        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
    //监听事件,改为内部类，可以直接访问外部类数据
    //内部类最大的好处，就是可以畅通无阻地访问外部的属性和方法
    private class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            int n1=Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
            int n2=Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
            //输出结果
            num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
            //清空加数的输入框
            num1.setText("");
            num2.setText("");
        }
    }
}

2.3.3、画笔

import java.awt.*;

public class TestPaint {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyPaint().loadFrame();
    }
}
class MyPaint extends Frame{
    public void loadFrame(){
        setBounds(200,200,600,500);
        setVisible(true);
    }
    //画笔
    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        //画笔需要有颜色，画笔可以画画
        g.setColor(Color.red);
        g.drawOval(100,100,100,100);//空心圆，均为api调用
        g.fillOval(400,200,100,100);//实心圆

        g.setColor(Color.green);
        g.fillRect(150,200,200,200);//实心矩形
        //养成习惯，画笔用完，将颜色还原为最初的颜色
    }
}

2.3.4、鼠标监听

**示例：**监听鼠标点击并在画板上画点

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;

public class TestMouseListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyFrame("画图");//启动
    }
}
//画板窗口类
class MyFrame extends Frame {
    //画画需要画笔，需要监听鼠标当前的位置需要集合来存储这个点
    ArrayList points;
    public MyFrame(String tittle){
        super(tittle);
        setBounds(200,200,400,300);
        //存鼠标点击的点
        points=new ArrayList();
        setVisible(true);
        this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());
    }
    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
       //画画，监听鼠标的事件
        Iterator iterator=points.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()){
            Point point=(Point)iterator.next();
            g.setColor(Color.blue);
            g.fillOval(point.x,point.y,10,10);
        }
    }
    //添加点到集合中
    public void addPaint(Point point){
        points.add(point);
    }
    //适配器模式
    private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter{
        //鼠标操作 按下，弹起，按住不放
        //获取鼠标按下的坐标
        @Override
        public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
            MyFrame frame=(MyFrame)e.getSource();
            //这个我们点击的时候，就会在画板上产生一个点！
            //这个点就是鼠标的点
            frame.addPaint(new Point(e.getX(),e.getY()));
            //每次点击鼠标都需要重新画一遍
            frame.repaint();//刷新
        }
    }
}

2.3.5、窗口监听

**示例：**常用的是窗口激活和窗口关闭。

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestWindow {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new WindowFrame();//启动
    }
}
class WindowFrame extends Frame{
    public WindowFrame(){
        //设置窗口
        setBackground(Color.blue);
        setBounds(100,100,200,200);
        setVisible(true);
        //addWindowListener(new MyWindowListener());
        this.addWindowListener(
                //匿名内部类
                new WindowAdapter() {
                    //关闭窗口
                    @Override
                    public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                        System.out.println("windowClosing");
                        System.exit(0);
                    }
                    //激活窗口
                    @Override
                    public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
                        System.out.println("windowActivated");
                        WindowFrame source=(WindowFrame)e.getSource();
                        source.setTitle("被激活了！");
                    }
                });
    }
}

2.3.6、键盘监听

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;

public class TestKeyListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new KeyFrame();
    }
}
class KeyFrame extends Frame{
    public KeyFrame(){
        setBounds(1,2,300,400);
        setVisible(true);
        //匿名内部类实现键盘监听
        this.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
            //键盘按下
            @Override
            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
                //获得键盘按下的键是哪一个，当前的码
                int keyCode=e.getKeyCode();//不需要去记录这个数值，直接使用静态属性VK_XXX
                System.out.println(keyCode);
                if(keyCode==KeyEvent.VK_UP){
                    System.out.println("你按下了上键");
                }
            }
        });
    }
}

3、Swing

3.1、窗口

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JFrameDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JFrameDemo().init();//启动
    }
    //init();初始化
    public void init(){
        JFrame jf = new JFrame(" 这是一个JFrame窗口");
        jf.setVisible(true);
        jf.setBounds(200,200,300,400);
        //jf.setBackground(Color.blue);因为代码没有实例化，故此代码无效
        //设置文字JLabel
        // JLabel lable1 = new JLabel("Hello");默认靠左
        JLabel lable1 = new JLabel("Hello",SwingConstants.CENTER);
        jf.add(lable1);

        //容器实例化
        Container container=jf.getContentPane();
        //设置容器背景色
       container.setBackground(Color.green);

        //关闭事件
        jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
}

3.2、弹窗

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class DialogDemo extends JFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new DialogDemo();
    }
    public  DialogDemo(){
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(700,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

//        JFrame 放东西，容器
        Container container=this.getContentPane();
        //绝对布局
        container.setLayout(null);

        //按钮
        JButton button=new JButton("点击弹出一个对话框");
        button.setBounds(30,30,200,50);

        //监听事件，点击这个按钮时候，弹出一个弹框
        button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                new MyDialogDemo();
            }
        });
        container.add(button);
    }
}
//弹窗窗口
class MyDialogDemo extends JDialog{
    public  MyDialogDemo(){
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(50,100,200,300);
        //容器
        Container container=this.getContentPane();
        //设置绝对布局
        container.setLayout(null);
        //添加标签
        JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("这是一个弹框！");
        jLabel.setBounds(50,50,300,100);
        //标签添加到容器
        container.add(jLabel);
    }
}

3.3、标签、图标

示例1：

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

//图标实现类，JFrame继承
public class IconDemo extends JFrame implements Icon {
    private int width;
    private int height;

    public IconDemo() { }//无参构造
    public IconDemo(int width,int height) {
        this.width=width;
        this.height=height;
    }
    public void init(){
        IconDemo iconDemo=new IconDemo(15,15);
        //图标放在标签，也可以放在按钮上
        JLabel label=new JLabel("icontest",iconDemo,SwingConstants.CENTER);

        Container container=getContentPane();
        container.add(label);

        this.setSize(100,100);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new IconDemo().init();
    }
    @Override
    public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) {
        g.fillOval(x,y,width,height);
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconWidth() {
        return this.width;
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconHeight() {
        return this.height;
    }
}

**示例2：**图片图标

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class ImageIconDemo extends JFrame {
    public ImageIconDemo(){
        //获取图片的地址
        JLabel label=new JLabel("ImageIcon");
        URL url= ImageIconDemo.class.getResource("tx.jpg");//tx.jpg放到代码目录，否则空指针异常
        ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);
        label.setIcon(imageIcon);
        //设置标签居中
        label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);

        Container container =this.getContentPane();
        container.add(label);

        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(100,100,200,200);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new ImageIconDemo();
    }
}

3.4、面板

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JPanelDemo extends JFrame {
    public JPanelDemo() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 1, 10, 10));//后面的参数的意思，间距

        JPanel jPanel1 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1, 3));
        JPanel jPanel2 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1, 2));
        JPanel jPanel3 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2, 1));
        JPanel jPanel4 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(3, 2));
        
        //添加按钮到JPanel
        for (int i = 0; i <3 ; i++) {
            jPanel1.add(new JButton("1"));
        }
        for (int i = 0; i <2 ; i++) {
            jPanel2.add(new JButton("2"));
        }
        for (int i = 0; i <2 ; i++) {
            jPanel3.add(new JButton("3"));
        }
        for (int i = 0; i <6 ; i++) {
            jPanel4.add(new JButton("4"));
        }
        //面板添加到容器
        container.add(jPanel1);
        container.add(jPanel2);
        container.add(jPanel3);
        container.add(jPanel4);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JPanelDemo();
    }
}

JScrollPane面板

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {
    public JScrollDemo(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //文本域
        JTextArea textArea=new JTextArea(20,50);//参数是行和列
        textArea.setText("默认文本");

        //JScroll面板
        JScrollPane jscrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
        container.add(jscrollPane);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,300,350);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JScrollDemo();
    }
}

3.5、按钮

**示例1：**普通按钮

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class JButtonDemo01 extends JFrame {
    public JButtonDemo01(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //将图片变为图标
        URL resource=JButtonDemo01.class.getResource("tx.jpg");//tx.jpg放到代码目录，否则空指针异常
        Icon icon=new ImageIcon(resource);
        //把图标放到按钮上
        JButton button = new JButton("按钮");
        button.setIcon(icon);
        //按钮提示信息
        button.setToolTipText("图片按钮");

        container.add(button);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,500,300);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo01();
    }
}

**示例2：**单选框

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JButtonDemo02 extends JFrame {
    public JButtonDemo02(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //单选框
        JRadioButton radioButton1=new JRadioButton("JRadioButton01");
        JRadioButton radioButton2=new JRadioButton("JRadioButton02");
        JRadioButton radioButton3=new JRadioButton("JRadioButton03");

        //由于单选框只能选择一个，分组，一个分组中只能选择一个
        ButtonGroup group = new ButtonGroup();
        group.add(radioButton1);
        group.add(radioButton2);
        group.add(radioButton3);

        container.add(radioButton1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(radioButton2,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        container.add(radioButton3,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,500,300);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo02();
    }
}

**示例3：**多选框

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JButtonDemo03 extends JFrame {
    public JButtonDemo03(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //多选框
        JCheckBox checkBox01=new JCheckBox("checkBox01");
        JCheckBox checkBox02=new JCheckBox("checkBox02");

        container.add(checkBox01,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(checkBox02,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,500,300);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo03();
    }
}

3.6、列表

3.6.1、下拉框

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestComboboxDemo01 extends JFrame {
    public TestComboboxDemo01(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        final JComboBox status=new JComboBox();
        //添加下拉列表的值
        status.addItem(null);
        status.addItem("正在热映");
        status.addItem("已下架");
        status.addItem("即将上映");
        //添加监听器
        status.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                System.out.println(status.getSelectedItem());  //返回选择的内容
                System.out.println(status.getSelectedIndex());  //返回项数，null为-1
            }
        });

        container.add(status);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,100);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestComboboxDemo01();
    }
}

3.6.2、列表

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class TestComboboxDemo02 extends JFrame {
    public TestComboboxDemo02(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //生成列表的内容
        String[] contents={"1","2","3"};
        JList jList = new JList(contents);
        container.add(jList);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,400);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestComboboxDemo02();
    }
}

3.7、文本框

3.7.1、文本框

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;


public class TestTextDemo01 extends JFrame {
    public TestTextDemo01(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        JTextField textfield = new JTextField("hello");
        JTextField textfield2 = new JTextField("world",20);

        container.add(textfield,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(textfield2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,400);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestTextDemo01();
    }
}

3.7.2、密码框

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;


public class TestTextDemo01 extends JFrame {
    public TestTextDemo01(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        //创建密码框
        JPasswordField jPasswordField = new JPasswordField();//····
        jPasswordField.setEchoChar('*'); //****

        container.add(jPasswordField);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,400);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestTextDemo01();
    }
}

3.7.3、文本域

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {
    public JScrollDemo(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //文本域
        JTextArea textArea=new JTextArea(20,50);//参数是行和列
        textArea.setText("默认文本");

        //Scroll面板
        JScrollPane jscrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
        container.add(jscrollPane);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100,100,300,350);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JScrollDemo();
    }
}