转自：https://blog.csdn.net/dream_broken/article/details/53584169
不管是html页面表单提交的对象数据还是和第三方公司进行接口对接，都需要对接收到的数据进行校验（非空、长度、格式等等）。如果使用if一个个进行校验（字段非常多），这是让人崩溃的过程。幸好jdk或hibernate都提供了对object对象的校验，只需加上相应的注解即可。
本人喜欢学习时，都建立个maven小项目进行实践学习。
1.项目建立
pom.xml
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<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
-
<modelVersion>4.0.0
</modelVersion>
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<groupId>com.fei
</groupId>
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<artifactId>validation-test
</artifactId>
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<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
</version>
-
-
<dependencies>
-
-
<dependency>
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<groupId>javax.el
</groupId>
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<artifactId>javax.el-api
</artifactId>
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<version>2.2.4
</version>
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</dependency>
-
-
<dependency>
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<groupId>org.hibernate
</groupId>
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<artifactId>hibernate-validator
</artifactId>
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<version>5.1.3.Final
</version>
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</dependency>
-
-
</dependencies>
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-
-
</project>
2.基本校验练习
StudentInfo.java
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package com.fei.info;
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-
import javax.validation.constraints.Pattern;
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-
import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.NotBlank;
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-
public
class StudentInfo {
-
-
@NotBlank(message=
"用户名不能为空")
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private String userName;
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@NotBlank(message=
"年龄不能为空")
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@Pattern(regexp=
"^[0-9]{1,2}$",message=
"年龄是整数")
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private String age;
-
-
/**
-
* 如果是空，则不校验，如果不为空，则校验
-
*/
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@Pattern(regexp=
"^[0-9]{4}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}$",message=
"出生日期格式不正确")
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private String birthday;
-
-
@NotBlank(message=
"学校不能为空")
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private String school;
-
-
public String getUserName() {
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return userName;
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}
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public void setUserName(String userName) {
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this.userName = userName;
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}
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public String getAge() {
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return age;
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}
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public void setAge(String age) {
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this.age = age;
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}
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public String getBirthday() {
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return birthday;
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}
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public void setBirthday(String birthday) {
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this.birthday = birthday;
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}
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public String getSchool() {
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return school;
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}
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public void setSchool(String school) {
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this.school = school;
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}
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}
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package com.fei.util;
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-
import java.util.HashMap;
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import java.util.Map;
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import java.util.Set;
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import javax.validation.ConstraintViolation;
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import javax.validation.Validation;
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import javax.validation.Validator;
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import javax.validation.groups.Default;
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-
public
class ValidatorUtil {
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private
static Validator validator = Validation.buildDefaultValidatorFactory()
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.getValidator();
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-
public
static <T>
Map<String,StringBuffer> validate(T obj){
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Map<String,StringBuffer> errorMap =
null;
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Set<ConstraintViolation<T>> set = validator.validate(obj,Default.class);
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if(set !=
null && set.size() >
0 ){
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errorMap =
new HashMap<String,StringBuffer>();
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String property =
null;
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for(ConstraintViolation<T> cv : set){
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//这里循环获取错误信息，可以自定义格式
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property = cv.getPropertyPath().toString();
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if(errorMap.get(property) !=
null){
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errorMap.get(property).append(
"," + cv.getMessage());
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}
else{
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StringBuffer sb =
new StringBuffer();
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sb.append(cv.getMessage());
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errorMap.put(property, sb);
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}
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}
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}
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return errorMap;
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}
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-
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}
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package com.fei;
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-
import java.util.Map;
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-
import com.fei.info.StudentInfo;
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import com.fei.util.ValidatorUtil;
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-
public
class ValidatorTest {
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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StudentInfo s =
new StudentInfo();
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long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
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print(ValidatorUtil.validate(s));
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System.out.println(
"===============耗时(毫秒)=" + (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime));
-
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s.setUserName(
"小明");
-
s.setAge(
"a10");
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s.setBirthday(
"2016-9-1");
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startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
-
print(ValidatorUtil.validate(s));
-
System.out.println(
"===============耗时(毫秒)=" + (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime));
-
-
-
-
}
-
-
private static void print(Map<String,StringBuffer> errorMap){
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if(errorMap !=
null){
-
for(Map.Entry<String, StringBuffer> m : errorMap.entrySet()){
-
System.out.println(m.getKey() +
":" + m.getValue().toString());
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}
-
}
-
}
-
}
来看看运行结果：
十二月 12, 2016 4:02:00 下午 org.hibernate.validator.internal.util.Version <clinit>
INFO: HV000001: Hibernate Validator 5.1.3.Final
school:学校不能为空
age:年龄不能为空
userName:用户名不能为空
===============耗时(毫秒)=280
birthday:出生日期格式不正确
school:学校不能为空
age:年龄是整数
===============耗时(毫秒)=3
看StudentInfo中的import发现注解的来源有来自javax和hibernate。
javax中有
hibernate中有
如果现有的校验规则都不满足，则可以自定义校验规则
3.自定义校验规则
Money.java
package com.fei.validator;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
import javax.validation.Constraint;
import javax.validation.Payload;
@Target({ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Constraint(validatedBy=MoneyValidator.class)
public @interface Money {
<span class="hljs-selector-tag">String</span> <span class="hljs-selector-tag">message</span>() <span class="hljs-selector-tag">default</span>"不是金额形式";
<span class="hljs-selector-tag">Class</span><?><span class="hljs-selector-attr">[]</span> <span class="hljs-selector-tag">groups</span>() <span class="hljs-selector-tag">default</span> {};
<span class="hljs-selector-tag">Class</span><? <span class="hljs-selector-tag">extends</span> <span class="hljs-selector-tag">Payload</span>><span class="hljs-selector-attr">[]</span> <span class="hljs-selector-tag">payload</span>() <span class="hljs-selector-tag">default</span> {};
}
MoneyValidator.java
package com.fei.validator;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import javax.validation.ConstraintValidator;
import javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext;
public class MoneyValidator implements ConstraintValidator<Money, Double> {
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> String moneyReg = <span class="hljs-string">"^\\d+(\\.\\d{1,2})?$"</span>;<span class="hljs-comment">//表示金额的正则表达式</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> Pattern moneyPattern = Pattern.compile(moneyReg);
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">initialize</span><span class="hljs-params">(Money money)</span> </span>{
<span class="hljs-comment">// TODO Auto-generated method stub</span>
}
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">boolean</span> <span class="hljs-title">isValid</span><span class="hljs-params">(Double value, ConstraintValidatorContext arg1)</span> </span>{
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (value == <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>)
<span class="hljs-comment">//金额是空的，返回true，是因为如果null，则会有@NotNull进行提示</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">//如果这里false的话，那金额是null，@Money中的message也会进行提示</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">//自己可以尝试</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">true</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> moneyPattern.matcher(value.toString()).matches();
}
}
StudentInfo.java
加上,注意因为money是Double，所以不能用@NotBlank，因为@NotBlank是对字符串校验的
@NotNull(message="金额不能为空")
@Money(message="金额格式不正确")
private Double money;ValidatorTest.java
package com.fei;
import java.util.Map;
import com.fei.info.StudentInfo;
import com.fei.util.ValidatorUtil;
public class ValidatorTest {
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> void main(<span class="hljs-type">String</span>[] args) {
<span class="hljs-type">StudentInfo</span> s = new <span class="hljs-type">StudentInfo</span>();
long startTime = <span class="hljs-type">System</span>.currentTimeMillis();
<span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(<span class="hljs-type">ValidatorUtil</span>.validate(s));
<span class="hljs-type">System</span>.out.<span class="hljs-built_in">println</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"===============耗时(毫秒)="</span> + (<span class="hljs-type">System</span>.currentTimeMillis() - startTime));
s.setUserName(<span class="hljs-string">"小明"</span>);
s.setAge(<span class="hljs-string">"a10"</span>);
s.setBirthday(<span class="hljs-string">"2016-9-1"</span>);
s.setMoney(<span class="hljs-number">100.00001</span>);
startTime = <span class="hljs-type">System</span>.currentTimeMillis();
<span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(<span class="hljs-type">ValidatorUtil</span>.validate(s));
<span class="hljs-type">System</span>.out.<span class="hljs-built_in">println</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"===============耗时(毫秒)="</span> + (<span class="hljs-type">System</span>.currentTimeMillis() - startTime));
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> void <span class="hljs-built_in">print</span>(<span class="hljs-type">Map</span><<span class="hljs-type">String</span>,<span class="hljs-type">StringBuffer</span>> errorMap){
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>(errorMap != null){
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span>(<span class="hljs-type">Map</span>.<span class="hljs-type">Entry</span><<span class="hljs-type">String</span>, <span class="hljs-type">StringBuffer</span>> m : errorMap.entrySet()){
<span class="hljs-type">System</span>.out.<span class="hljs-built_in">println</span>(m.getKey() + <span class="hljs-string">":"</span> + m.getValue().<span class="hljs-built_in">toString</span>());
}
}
}
}
运行结果：
十二月 12, 2016 4:42:41 下午 org.hibernate.validator.internal.util.Version <clinit>
INFO: HV000001: Hibernate Validator 5.1.3.Final
school:学校不能为空
age:年龄不能为空
money:金额不能为空
userName:用户名不能为空
===============耗时(毫秒)=280
birthday:出生日期格式不正确
school:学校不能为空
age:年龄是整数
money:金额格式不正确
===============耗时(毫秒)=4
当然，如果你的项目使用springMVC或structs2，都会对应的集成方法。
4.级联校验
如果校验的对象中包含另一个对象信息时，校验也要同时校验另一个对象，则可以使用@Valid
ParentInfo.java
package com.fei.info;
import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.NotBlank;
public class ParentInfo {
<span class="hljs-meta">@NotBlank</span>(message=<span class="hljs-string">"父亲名称不能为空"</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> String fatherName;
<span class="hljs-meta">@NotBlank</span>(message=<span class="hljs-string">"母亲名称不能为空"</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> String motherName;
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> String <span class="hljs-title">getFatherName</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span> </span>{
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> fatherName;
}
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">setFatherName</span><span class="hljs-params">(String fatherName)</span> </span>{
<span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>.fatherName = fatherName;
}
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> String <span class="hljs-title">getMotherName</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span> </span>{
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> motherName;
}
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">setMotherName</span><span class="hljs-params">(String motherName)</span> </span>{
<span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>.motherName = motherName;
}
}
StudentInfo.java
中加入，set,get是必须的
/**
* 如果不加@NotNull，则prentInfo=null时，不会对ParentInfo内的字段进行校验
*/
@NotNull(message="父母信息不能为空")
@Valid
private ParentInfo parentInfo;-
package com.fei;
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-
import java.util.Map;
-
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import com.fei.info.ParentInfo;
-
import com.fei.info.StudentInfo;
-
import com.fei.util.ValidatorUtil;
-
-
public
class ValidatorTest {
-
-
public static void main(String[] args) {
-
StudentInfo s =
new StudentInfo();
-
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
-
print(ValidatorUtil.validate(s));
-
System.out.println(
"===============耗时(毫秒)=" + (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime));
-
-
s.setUserName(
"小明");
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s.setAge(
"a10");
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s.setBirthday(
"2016-9-1");
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s.setMoney(
100.00001);
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s.setParentInfo(
new ParentInfo());
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startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
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print(ValidatorUtil.validate(s));
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System.out.println(
"===============耗时(毫秒)=" + (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime));
-
-
-
-
}
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-
private static void print(Map<String,StringBuffer> errorMap){
-
if(errorMap !=
null){
-
for(Map.Entry<String, StringBuffer> m : errorMap.entrySet()){
-
System.out.println(m.getKey() +
":" + m.getValue().toString());
-
}
-
}
-
}
-
}
运行结果：
十二月 12, 2016 4:56:16 下午 org.hibernate.validator.internal.util.Version <clinit>
INFO: HV000001: Hibernate Validator 5.1.3.Final
parentInfo:父母信息不能为空
school:学校不能为空
age:年龄不能为空
money:金额不能为空
userName:用户名不能为空
===============耗时(毫秒)=285
birthday:出生日期格式不正确
school:学校不能为空
parentInfo.fatherName:父亲名称不能为空
age:年龄是整数
parentInfo.motherName:母亲名称不能为空
money:金额格式不正确
===============耗时(毫秒)=9
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