4.IOC创建对象方式
4.1 使用无参构造创建对象(默认)
- 测试方式(通过给实体类设置有参构造)
public User(String name, Integer age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
- 执行测试方法
public class TestUser {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext applicationContext=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
User user = applicationContext.getBean("user", User.class);
System.out.println(user);
}
}
- 测试结果
- 显示初始化失败
Exception in thread "main" org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'user' defined in class path resource [applicationContext.xml]: Instantiation of bean failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [com.xuan.pojo.User]: No default constructor found; nested exception is java.lang.NoSuchMethodException: com.xuan.pojo.User.<init>()
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [com.xuan.pojo.User]: No default constructor found; nested exception is java.lang.NoSuchMethodException: com.xuan.pojo.User.<init>()
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:83)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.instantiateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1312)
... 13 more
4.2 使用有参构造创建对象
4.2.1 构造函数参数索引创建对象
- 可以使用该
index
属性来明确指定构造函数参数的索引。
public User(String name, Integer age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
<bean id="user" class="com.xuan.pojo.User">
<constructor-arg index="0" value="xuan"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg index="1" value="22"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
4.2.2 构造函数参数类型匹配创建对象(不建议使用,因为会存在都是String类型)
- 通过使用
type
属性显式指定构造函数参数的类型,则容器可以使用简单类型的类型匹配。
private String name;
private Integer age;
public User(String name, Integer age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
<bean id="user" class="com.xuan.pojo.User">
<constructor-arg type="java.lang.String" value="xuan"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg type="java.lang.Integer" value="22"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
4.2.3 构造函数参数解析创建对象(通过引用或者直接参数进行赋值)下面以引用举例
- 构造函数参数解析匹配通过使用参数的类型进行。
- 如果Bean定义的构造函数参数中不存在潜在的歧义(歧义也就是参数中的类不是继承关联的),则在实例化Bean时,在Bean定义中定义构造函数参数的顺序就是将这些参数提供给适当的构造函数的顺序。
- User类
private Student student;
private Teacher teacher;
public User(Student student, Teacher teacher) {
this.student = student;
this.teacher = teacher;
}
- Student类
private String name;
private Integer age;
public Student(String name, Integer age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
- Teacher类
private String name;
private Integer age;
public Student(String name, Integer age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
- 主配置文件applicationContext.xml
- 通过构造引用的方式将Student和Teacher类注入到User中 User又交给Spring创建,管理
<bean id="user" class="com.xuan.pojo.User">
<constructor-arg ref="student"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg ref="teacher"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
<bean id="teacher" class="com.xuan.pojo.Teacher">
<constructor-arg type="java.lang.String" value="jiaoshi"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg type="java.lang.Integer" value="50"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
<bean id="student" class="com.xuan.pojo.Student">
<constructor-arg type="java.lang.String" value="xuesheng"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg type="java.lang.Integer" value="18"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
- 测试运行结果
User{student=Student{name='xuesheng', age=18}, teacher=Student{name='jiaoshi', age=50}}
总结补充:直接参数进行赋值需要使用name属性指定参数(其实掌握name才是主要的)