Tomcat学习1-架构与启动流程

 

一、Tomcat的启动流程与架构

 

Tomcat启动的时候的debug的运行轨迹图,框出来的代表主要容器的执行方法。


 

 

Tomcat执行大致的流程图

 

 

 

 

 

 

整体上看一看Tomcat的概览图


 

 

顶层元素:Server,Service
连接器元素:Connector(HTTP,AJP等)
容器元素:Engine(跟Connector结合,处理http请求),Host(对应于多个主机 i.e. mail.test.com,www.test.com,www.test2.com),Context(对应于一个个webapp应用),Wrapper(对应于一个个Servlet)
组件元素:Logger,Value ,Realm,Listener,Cluster等

 

 

二、Tomcat启动的步骤:

 

 1. tomcat的启动从Bootstrap.main()开始-->init()-->start()。

 

Bootstrap

    public void start()
        throws Exception
    {
.........
        // Set Catalina path
        setCatalinaHome();
        setCatalinaBase();
       //设置StandardClassLoader,加载${catalina.home}/lib,${catalina.home}/lib/*.jar
        initClassLoaders();  

        Method method = catalinaDaemon.getClass().getMethod("start", (Class [] )null);
        method.invoke(catalinaDaemon, (Object [])null);
.........
}
 
  

2. Catalina.start().  

 

 

Catalina

public void start() {
.....
        initDirs();
// 初始化JNDI名称
        initNaming();
// 创建解析config/server.xml的规则
        Digester digester = createStartDigester();
......
       //正式解析。至此相关的Server->Service->Enginer->Host,
       //也包括LifecycleListence、Connection等的实例和相关属性都组装配置完成
            digester.push(this);
            digester.parse(inputSource);
 ...........
        // 启动server服务
        if (getServer() instanceof Lifecycle) {
            try {
                ((Lifecycle) getServer()).start();
            } catch (LifecycleException e) {
                log.error("Catalina.start: ", e);
            }
        }
........
        if (await) {
        //阻塞在默认的8005端口,监听shutdown命令,来关闭tomcat
            await();  // -->serverSocket.accept();  8005端口
            stop();   //-->  ((Lifecycle) getServer()).stop();  
        }
.........

}
  
 

 

 

 3. StandardServer.start() ,server启动。

 

 

StandardServer

   public void start() throws LifecycleException {
.......
        // 开启service,一个Server有多个Service,Service互相独立
        synchronized (services) {
            for (int i = 0; i < services.length; i++) {
                if (services[i] instanceof Lifecycle)
                    ((Lifecycle) services[i]).start();
            }
        }
........
}
 
  

 4. StandardService.start(),Service启动

 

StandardService

    public void start() throws LifecycleException {
.........
         //初始化各种connection,在这里绑定tomcat需要的端口,或者抛出已绑定端口的异常
        connectors[i].initialize();
..........
        // 启动Enginer容器
        if (container != null) {
            synchronized (container) {
                if (container instanceof Lifecycle) {
                    ((Lifecycle) container).start();
                }
            }
        }
......
        // 但Enginer、Host、Context、Wrapper等容器都启动完成,那么启动connection,接受各种请求。
        synchronized (connectors) {
            for (int i = 0; i < connectors.length; i++) {
                try {
                    ((Lifecycle) connectors[i]).start();
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    log.error(sm.getString(
                            "standardService.connector.startFailed",
                            connectors[i]), e);
                }
            }
        }
.........
}
  

5. Connector.start(),启动Connector;这步就是建立用户Socket,解析http请求,封装成request。最终request经过Engine->Host->Context->Wrapper等容器的Valve处理,在经过FilterChina的处理,最终由Servlet处理。

 

 

Connector

    public void start() throws LifecycleException {
........
        if( !initialized )
            initialize();
        //HTTP/1.1或AJP/1.3协议的处理器的启动,听见来自用户的请求Socket
            protocolHandler.start();
........
}
 
 

 

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

     下面步骤中的组件都是继承ContainerBase容器,看一下简略的关系图 

 

 

 

ContainerBase

  public synchronized void start() throws LifecycleException {

        // Validate and update our current component state
        if (started) {
            if(log.isInfoEnabled())
                log.info(sm.getString("containerBase.alreadyStarted", logName()));
            return;
        }
        
        // Notify our interested LifecycleListeners
        lifecycle.fireLifecycleEvent(BEFORE_START_EVENT, null);

        started = true;

        // 启动各种组件,各种组件由server.xml、web.xml、context.xml等配置文件提供
        if ((loader != null) && (loader instanceof Lifecycle))
            ((Lifecycle) loader).start();
        logger = null;
        getLogger();
        if ((logger != null) && (logger instanceof Lifecycle))
            ((Lifecycle) logger).start();
        if ((manager != null) && (manager instanceof Lifecycle))
            ((Lifecycle) manager).start();
        if ((cluster != null) && (cluster instanceof Lifecycle))
            ((Lifecycle) cluster).start();
        if ((realm != null) && (realm instanceof Lifecycle))
            ((Lifecycle) realm).start();
        if ((resources != null) && (resources instanceof Lifecycle))
            ((Lifecycle) resources).start();

        // 启动各种子容器Engine->Host->Context->Wrapper
        Container children[] = findChildren();
        for (int i = 0; i < children.length; i++) {
            if (children[i] instanceof Lifecycle)
                ((Lifecycle) children[i]).start();
        }

        // 启动pipeline组件
        if (pipeline instanceof Lifecycle)
            ((Lifecycle) pipeline).start();

        // 触发事件
        lifecycle.fireLifecycleEvent(START_EVENT, null);

        // Start our thread
        threadStart();

        // 触发事件
        lifecycle.fireLifecycleEvent(AFTER_START_EVENT, null);

    }

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

6. StandardEngine.start(),启动Engine;这步开始容器类的start

 

 

StandardEngine

  public void start() throws LifecycleException {
        if( started ) {
            return;
        }
        if( !initialized ) {
            init();
        }
......
       //一个Engine可以有多个Host,Host的启动
        Container children[] = findChildren();
        for (int i = 0; i < children.length; i++) {
            if (children[i] instanceof Lifecycle)
                ((Lifecycle) children[i]).start();
        }
.......
       //启动各种组件和子容器start()
       super.start();
.........
}
 

 

 7. StandardHost.start(),启动Host,

 

StandardHost

    public void start() throws LifecycleException {
.........
        //启动各种组件和子容器start()
        super.start(); -->ContainerBase -->HostConfig 
..........
        //   目录webapps/ 
        File appBase = appBase(); 
        //  conf/Catalina/localhost目录
        File configBase = configBase();
        // 解析conf\Catalina\localhost\*.xml文件,对每个webapp生成一个context
        HostConfig --> deployDescriptors(configBase, configBase.list());
        // 部署WEBAPPS/目录下的WARs
        HostConfig--> deployWARs(appBase, filteredAppPaths);
        // Deploy expanded folders
        HostConfig--> deployDirectories(appBase, filteredAppPaths);

        
}
 
 
   

8. StandardContext .start(),启动Context,

 

 

StandardContext

    public synchronized void start() throws LifecycleException {
............
        //一个Context对应一个WebappLoader,也就是关联到了WebappClassLoader
        //用于每个app下面的WEB-INF/classes和WEB-INF/lib类的加载
        if (getLoader() == null) {
            WebappLoader webappLoader = new WebappLoader(getParentClassLoader());
            webappLoader.setDelegate(getDelegate());
            setLoader(webappLoader);
        }
...........

        // 创建work目录,当做临时工作目录
        //比如 \work\Catalina\localhost\host-manager
        postWorkDirectory();
..............
          //初始化classloader
          if ((loader != null) && (loader instanceof Lifecycle))
               ((Lifecycle) loader).start();
..............
           //初始化各种组件
                if ((logger != null) && (logger instanceof Lifecycle))
                    ((Lifecycle) logger).start();                
                if ((cluster != null) && (cluster instanceof Lifecycle))
                    ((Lifecycle) cluster).start();
                if ((realm != null) && (realm instanceof Lifecycle))
                    ((Lifecycle) realm).start();
                if ((resources != null) && (resources instanceof Lifecycle))
                    ((Lifecycle) resources).start();
.............

        //触发start事件
         lifecycle.fireLifecycleEvent(START_EVENT, null);
         //解析系统默认的 conf/web.xml文件,完成默认的filterChina、servlet的各种组装
         ContextConfig --> defaultWebConfig();
        //解析apps下的自定义 /WEB-INF/web.xml 文件,完成filterChina、servlet的各种组装
         ContextConfig --> applicationWebConfig();
         // 如果设置了 <load-on-startup>,则初始化Servlet,执行init()或servlet为jsp页面,则complile生成servlet文件,再init;
         loadOnStartup(findChildren());
..........
}
 
   

 )

 

 

 9. StandardWrapper.start(),启动wrapper,standardWrapper就是Servlet的包装类

 

StandardWrapper

    public void start() throws LifecycleException {
..........
        //启动各种组件和子容器start()
        super.start();
.........

    //加载Servlet,此组件也就是Servlet的包装类,跟Servlet的关系通过此类
    public synchronized void load() throws ServletException {
        instance = loadServlet();
    }
}
 

 

 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

三、Tomcat的生命周期关键组件Lifecycle

 

以上就是整个tomcat的启动过程,tomcat调用一个个组件的start(),父组件调用子组件start(),就这样一步步启动,直至整个tomcat启动完成。

tomcat的启动与关闭的生命周期跟Lifecycle接口息息相关.

图:Lifecycle接口的结构图


 

图:Lifecycle的实现类

 

参考资料:

http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/java/j-lo-tomcat1/Tomcat 系统架构与设计模式,第 1 部分: 工作原理

http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/java/j-lo-tomcat2/(Tomcat 系统架构与设计模式,第 2 部分: 设计模式分析)

 

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