python read（）readline() readlines（）用法

read()

返回一个字符串，为文件中的所有内容

with open('train.txt','r') as f:
    read = f.read()
    print(type(read))
    print(read)
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%结果%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
<class 'str'>
2008_000008
2008_000015

readline()

从当前位置（‘r’方式打开为文件最开始处）读取，直到换行，返回字符串，不包含换行符

    readline = f.readline()
    print(type(readline))
    print(readline)

    readline = f.readline()
    print(type(readline))
    print(readline)
    
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%结果%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

<class 'str'>
2008_000008

<class 'str'>
2008_000015

readlines()

读取所有内容，返回list，每个元素为文本中的一行，包含换行符‘\n’

    readlines = f.readlines()
    print(type(readlines))
    print(readlines)
 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%结果%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
<class 'list'>
['2008_000008\n', '2008_000015\n']

用.strip()方法可以去除换行符，然后获得list便于迭代

    readlines = f.readlines()
    readline = [i.strip() for i in readlines]
    print(type(readline))
    print(readline)
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%结果%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

<class 'list'>
['2008_000008', '2008_000015']