配置sqlnet.ora限制IP访问Oracle

最新推荐文章于 2023-10-24 14:24:39 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-10-24 14:24:39 发布

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与防火墙类似的功能，Oracle 提供限制与允许特定的IP或主机名通过Oracle Net来访问数据库。这个功能由sqlnet.ora配置文件来实
现。该文件通常$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/ 目录下，与tnsnames.ora以及listener.ora位于同一路径。用法也比较简单。通过监听器的
限制，实现轻量级访问限制，比在数据库内部通过触发器进行限制效率要高。

1. 实现方式
通过在sqlnet.ora文件中增加下列记录来实现

[sql] view plain copy print ?

tcp.validnode_checking = yes
tcp.invited_nodes = (hostname1, hostname2，ip1,ip2)
tcp.excluded_nodes = (10.103.11.17,hostname1,hostname2)

    当使用invited_nodes时，则所有没有包含在invited_nodes值中的IP或主机将无法通过Oracel Net连接到数据库。而如果使用
   excluded_nodes时，除了excluded_nodes值中列出的IP和主机不可访问之外，其余的节点都可以访问数据库。通常情况下，更倾向于使
   用excluded_nodes参数。

2. 注意事项
   使用excluded_nodes与invited_nodes的一些特性
       不支持通配符的使用(如hostname不能写为svhs0*，IP地址不能写为10.103.11.*）
       excluded_nodes与invited_nodes为互斥方式，要么使用前者，要么使用后者
       如果tcp.invited_nodes与tcp.excluded_nodes都存在，则tcp.invited_nodes优先
       要将本地地址，或者Cluster群集其他节点的地址都加入到允许列表，否则监听器可能无法启动
       修改之后，一定要重起监听或reload才能生效，而不需要重新启动数据库
       仅提供对TCP/IP协议的支持

3. 实战演习

[sql] view plain copy print ?

-->使用tnsping demo92，连接正常
    C:\>tnsping demo92

    TNS Ping Utility for 32-bit Windows: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 25-JUN-2011 18:55:39
    Copyright (c) 1997, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
    Used parameter files:
    d:\app\Robinson\Oracle_client\product\11.2.0\client_1\network\admin\sqlnet.ora

    Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
    Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.103.11.20
    9)(PORT = 1521))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = demo92)))
    OK (0 msec)

-->查看配置文件
    [oracle@test admin]$ more sqlnet.ora
    # SQLNET.ORA Network Configuration File: /oracle/92/network/admin/sqlnet.ora
    # Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

    NAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH= (ONAMES, TNSNAMES, HOSTNAME)

    #Added by Robinson
    tcp.validnode_checking = yes
    tcp.excluded_nodes = (10.103.11.17)

-->重新reload
    [oracle@test admin]$ lsnrctl reload listener_demo92

    LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 9.2.0.8.0 - Production on 26-JUN-2011 10:03:11

    Copyright (c) 1991, 2006, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.

    Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=test)(PORT=1521)))
    The command completed successfully

-->再次tnsping时，收到TNS-12547错误
    C:\>tnsping demo92

    TNS Ping Utility for 32-bit Windows: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 25-JUN-2011 19:01:21
    Copyright (c) 1997, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
    Used parameter files:
    d:\app\Robinson\Oracle_client\product\11.2.0\client_1\network\admin\sqlnet.ora

    Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
    Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.103.11.20
    9)(PORT = 1521))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = demo92)))
    TNS-12547: TNS:lost contact

-->下面的演示中如果excluded_nodes与invited_nodes都存在，则invited_nodes优先，不再演示
    [oracle@test admin]$ more sqlnet.ora
    # SQLNET.ORA Network Configuration File: /oracle/92/network/admin/sqlnet.ora
    # Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

    NAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH= (ONAMES, TNSNAMES, HOSTNAME)

    #Added by Robinson
    tcp.validnode_checking = yes
    tcp.excluded_nodes = (10.103.11.17)
    tcp.invited_nodes = (10.103.11.17)

4.使用触发器限制单用户或IP段

[sql] view plain copy print ?

-->限制单用户从单IP登录，下面限制scott用户从客户端的登录
    CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER disablelogin
        AFTER logon ON scott.schema    -->注意使用方式为username.schema
    DECLARE
        ipaddr VARCHAR2(30);
    BEGIN
        SELECT sys_context('userenv', 'ip_address')
        INTO   ipaddr
        FROM   dual;
        IF ipaddr = '10.103.11.17' THEN
            raise_application_error('-20001',
                        'You can not login,Please contact administrator');
        END IF;
    END disablelogin;
    /

-->限制IP段登录
    CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER chk_ip_range
        AFTER logon ON scott.schema
    DECLARE
        ipaddr VARCHAR2(30);
    BEGIN
        SELECT sys_context('userenv', 'ip_address')
        INTO   ipaddr
        FROM   dual;
        IF ipaddr LIKE ('10.103.11.%') THEN
            raise_application_error('-20001',
                        'You can not login,Please contact administrator');
        END IF;
    END chk_ip_range;
    /