mongodb 学习笔记 01 -- 概述，安装，运行

http://blog.csdn.net/billvsme/article/details/46526627

概述

mongodb 是文档型NoSQL数据库，存储 bson–> json二进制。内部执行引擎为js解释器，把文档存储成bson结构，在查询时，转化为js对象。并可以通过js语法操作。

mongodb 与传统数据库比

传统数据库是结构化数据库，列的个数类型都一样

文档数据库以文档为单位
比如：

<code class="hljs css has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-rules" style="box-sizing: border-box;">{
    <span class="hljs-rule" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">id</span>:<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 102, 102);"><span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>,
    name: <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"billvsme"</span>,
    age:<span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box;">21</span>,
</span></span></span>}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>

<code class="hljs css has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-rules" style="box-sizing: border-box;">{
    <span class="hljs-rule" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">id</span>:<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 102, 102);"><span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box;">2</span>,
    name: <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"zhangshan"</span>,
    phone:<span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box;">12313</span>,
    address:<span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box;">23424</span>,
</span></span></span>}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>

都能存在某个表下面

文档数据库最大特点就是“没有结构”，表下的每篇文档都可以有自己独特的属性和值

列如：评论回复，打分，在传统数据库至少要多张表，关联复杂，而在文档数据库中一篇文档就可以完成

<code class="hljs css has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-rules" style="box-sizing: border-box;">{
    <span class="hljs-rule" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">title</span>:<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 102, 102);"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'xxxx'</span>
    comment:[
        {
            connent:<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'你写的不错哦！！！'</span>，
            reply:[<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'评论不错'</span>，<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'写的不错'</span>]
        </span></span></span>},
        <span class="hljs-rules" style="box-sizing: border-box;">{
            <span class="hljs-rule" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">connent</span>:<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 102, 102);"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'写的不怎么样~~'</span>，
            reply:[<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'赞同'</span>，<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'非常赞同'</span>]
        </span></span></span>}
    ]
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li></ul>

mongodb安装

直接下载，解压即可运行
https://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.0.4.tgz

mongodb 运行

mongodb文件结构

bsondump 二进制导出
mongo 客户端（相当于mysql）
mongod 服务端（相当于mysqld）
mongodump 整体数据库导出
mongoexport 导出容易识别 json 文档或者csv文档
mongorestore 导入数据库
mongos 路由器（分片时用）

启动mongod

mongod --dbpath /path/to/database --logpath  /path/to/logfile --fork  --port 27017

–dbpath 数据库存放路径
–logpath 日志文件路径
–port 端口默认 27017
–fork 后台运行

测试

直接输入 ./mongo 即可进入mongo

show dbs 查看数据库
use database 进入数据库
show tables/collections 查看表
db.help() 帮助