usermod详解

  usermod 命令使用详解

格式：

 usermod      [-cdegGlsuLU]     username

选项与参数：

-c  ：后面接账号的说明，即 /etc/passwd 第五栏的说明栏，可以加入一些账号的说明。

eg:

root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/# usermod -c "I am the owner " jiangjian    
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/# grep jiangjian /etc/passwd
jiangjian:x:1000:1000:I am the owner :/home/jiangjian:/bin/bash
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/#

-d  ：后面接账号的家目录，即修改 /etc/passwd 的第六栏；

eg:

root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/# grep visitor /etc/passwd
visitor:x:1005:1005::/tmp:/bin/sh
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/# usermod -d /home/visitor visitor
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/# grep visitor /etc/passwd
visitor:x:1005:1005::/home/visitor:/bin/sh
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/#

-e  ：后面接日期，格式是 YYYY-MM-DD 也就是在 /etc/shadow 内的第八个字段数据,就是到期的时间

eg:

root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/# date          
Fri Apr 11 14:42:49 CST 2014
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/# usermod -e 2014-4-12 visitor
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/# grep visitor /etc/shadow
visitor:!:16171:0:99999:7::16172:
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/#

-f  ：后面接天数，为 shadow 的第七字段，也即warning time.

eg:

root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/# grep visitor /etc/shadow
visitor:!:16171:0:99999:7::16172:
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/# usermod -f 1  visitor   
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/# grep visitor /etc/shadow
visitor:!:16171:0:99999:7:1:16172:
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/#

-g  ：后面接初始群组，修改 /etc/passwd 的第四个字段，亦即是 GID 的字段

eg:

root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/# grep visitor /etc/passwd
visitor:x:1005:1005::/home/visitor:/bin/sh
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/# usermod -g jiangjian visitor
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/# grep visitor /etc/passwd
visitor:x:1005:1000::/home/visitor:/bin/sh
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/#

-G  ：后面接次要群组，修改这个使用者能够支持的群组，修改的是 /etc/group

eg：

root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/# usermod -G root visitor  
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/# grep visitor /etc/group
root:x:0:root,jiangjian,visitor
visitor:x:1005:
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/#

-a  ：与 -G 合用，可『添加次要群组的支持』而非『配置』

-l  ：后面接账号名称。亦即是修改账号名称， /etc/passwd 的第一栏！

eg:

root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/# grep visitor /etc/passwd   
visitor:x:1005:1000::/home/visitor:/bin/sh
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/# usermod -l visitor1 visitor
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/# grep visitor /etc/passwd
visitor1:x:1005:1000::/home/visitor:/bin/sh
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/# grep visitor1 /etc/passwd
visitor1:x:1005:1000::/home/visitor:/bin/sh
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/#

-s  ：后面接 Shell 的实际文件，例如 /bin/bash 或 /bin/csh 等等。

eg:

root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/# grep visitor1 /etc/passwd
visitor1:x:1005:1000::/home/visitor:/bin/sh
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/# usermod -s  /bin/zsh visitor1
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/# grep visitor1 /etc/passwd
visitor1:x:1005:1000::/home/visitor:/bin/zsh
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/#

-u  ：后面接 UID 数字啦！即 /etc/passwd 第三栏的数据；

eg:

root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/# grep visitor1 /etc/passwd
visitor1:x:1005:1000::/home/visitor:/bin/zsh
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/# usermod -u 1006 visitor1
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/# grep visitor1 /etc/passwd
visitor1:x:1006:1000::/home/visitor:/bin/zsh
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/#

-L  ：暂时将用户的口令冻结，让他无法登陆。其实仅改 /etc/shadow 的口令栏,在加密口令串前面加！。

-U  ：将 /etc/shadow 口令栏的 ! 拿掉,使用户的口令可以使用。

eg:

root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/# grep visitor /etc/shadow
visitor1:$6$Tga.T6P7$4/StRyXE/uZmXxnG/KQXIpMHutXK30x3w.09V9M45mZfHIQ29ejMKvuV4nfs91q2VsgYUwfDUxf/PJ50i30oc1:16171:0:99999:7:1:16172:
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/# grep visitor1 /etc/shadow
visitor1:$6$Tga.T6P7$4/StRyXE/uZmXxnG/KQXIpMHutXK30x3w.09V9M45mZfHIQ29ejMKvuV4nfs91q2VsgYUwfDUxf/PJ50i30oc1:16171:0:99999:7:1:16172:
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/# usermod -L visitor1
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/# grep visitor1 /etc/shadow
visitor1:!$6$Tga.T6P7$4/StRyXE/uZmXxnG/KQXIpMHutXK30x3w.09V9M45mZfHIQ29ejMKvuV4nfs91q2VsgYUwfDUxf/PJ50i30oc1:16171:0:99999:7:1:16172:
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/# usermod -U  visitor1
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/# grep visitor1  /etc/shadow
visitor1:$6$Tga.T6P7$4/StRyXE/uZmXxnG/KQXIpMHutXK30x3w.09V9M45mZfHIQ29ejMKvuV4nfs91q2VsgYUwfDUxf/PJ50i30oc1:16171:0:99999:7:1:16172:
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/#

以上结果都是通过本人自己电脑呈现的，如果有什么疑问请留言！