1. 介绍
man page: show / manipulate routing, devices, policy routing and tunnels
格式:
ip [ OPTIONS ] OBJECT { COMMAND | help }
2. 查看网络接口信息
命令格式:
ip a # 或者 ip addr
ip -4 a # Only show TCP/IP IPv4
ip -6 a # Only show TCP/IP IPv6
#following only show etho info
ip a show eth0
ip a list eth0
ip a show dev eth0
ip link ls up # Only show runing interfaces
示例:
[jiangjian@localhost shell]$ ip a #或者 ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:17:4a:8d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.119.90/24 brd 192.168.119.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::f1fb:43f:7ada:57a4/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:ac:bd:ce brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:ac:bd:ce brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
[jiangjian@localhost shell]$
3. 接口配置ip
命令格式:
ip a add {ip_addr/mask} dev {interface}
示例:
[jiangjian@localhost shell]$ sudo ip a add 192.168.119.92/24 dev ens33
[sudo] password for jiangjian:
Sorry, try again.
[sudo] password for jiangjian:
Sorry, try again.
[sudo] password for jiangjian:
[jiangjian@localhost shell]$ ls
1.txt demo.html for.sh trap.sh
a.txt do.sh if.sh until.sh
b.txt echoArguments.sh input-password.sh while.sh
case.sh expr myapp.data
change.sh finduser.sh normal.sh
[jiangjian@localhost shell]$
[jiangjian@localhost shell]$ ip addr show ens33
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:17:4a:8d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.119.90/24 brd 192.168.119.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.119.92/24 scope global secondary ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::f1fb:43f:7ada:57a4/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4. 删除接口的ip配置
命令格式:ip a del {ipv6_addr_OR_ipv4_addr} dev {interface}
示例:
[jiangjian@localhost shell]$ sudo ip a del 192.168.119.92/24 dev ens33
5. 刷新接口的ip地址
命令格式:ip -s -s a f to {ip_addr/mask}
6. 设置接口开启或关闭
命令格式:ip link set dev {DEVICE} {up|down}
示例
[root@localhost ~]# ip link set dev ens33 down
# xshell中断了,网络没了.....
7. 设置txnqueuelen
命令格式:ip link set txqueuelen {NUMBER} dev {DEVICE}
示例:
[root@localhost ~]# ip link set txqueuelen 1600 dev ens33
[root@localhost ~]# ip a | grep 1600
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1600
8. 设置设备MTU
命令格式:ip link set mtu {NUMBER} dev {DEVICE}
示例:
[root@localhost ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1600
link/ether 00:0c:29:17:4a:8d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.119.90/24 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::f1fb:43f:7ada:57a4/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:ac:bd:ce brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:ac:bd:ce brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
[root@localhost ~]# ip link set mtu 2000 dev ens33
[root@localhost ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 2000 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1600
link/ether 00:0c:29:17:4a:8d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.119.90/24 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::f1fb:43f:7ada:57a4/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:ac:bd:ce brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:ac:bd:ce brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
[root@localhost ~]#
9. 显示邻居或者arp缓存
命令格式: ip n show 或 ip neigh show
示例:
[root@localhost ~]# ip n show
192.168.119.1 dev ens33 lladdr 00:50:56:c0:00:08 DELAY
[root@localhost ~]#
后面DELAY
的定义等如下:
STALE
– The neighbour is valid, but is probably already unreachable, so the kernel will try to check it at the first transmission.DELAY
– A packet has been sent to the stale neighbour and the kernel is waiting for confirmation.REACHABLE
– The neighbour is valid and apparently reachable.
10. 删除arp项
命令格式:ip neigh del {IPAddress} dev {DEVICE}
示例:
[root@localhost ~]# ip neigh del 192.168.119.1 dev ens33
11. 刷新arp
命令格式:ip -s -s n f {IPADDRESS}
12. 查看路由信息
命令格式:
ip r
ip r list
ip route list
ip route
13.新增路由项
命令格式:
p route add {NETWORK/MASK} via {GATEWAYIP}
ip route add {NETWORK/MASK} dev {DEVICE}
ip route add default {NETWORK/MASK} dev {DEVICE}
ip route add default {NETWORK/MASK} via {GATEWAYIP}
示例:
[root@localhost Music]# ip route add 192.168.1.0/24 dev ens33
[root@localhost Music]#
14. 删除路由项
命令格式:
ip route del default # 删除默认网关
ip route del {NETWORK/MASK} dev {DEVICE}
15. 改变mac地址
命令格式:
ip link set dev {DEVICE} address XX:YY:ZZ
示例:
[root@localhost Music]# NIC="virbr0"
[root@localhost Music]# ip link show $NIC
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:ac:bd:ce brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
[root@localhost Music]# ip link set dev $NIC down
[root@localhost Music]# ip link set dev $NIC address XX:YY:ZZ:AA:BB:CC
"XX" is invalid lladdr.
[root@localhost Music]# ip link set dev $NIC address 10:10:10:10:10:10
[root@localhost Music]# ip link set dev $NIC
[root@localhost Music]# ip link show $NIC
3: virbr0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether 10:10:10:10:10:10 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
[root@localhost Music]#