使用servlet实现远程调用

在J2EE世界中要实现远程方法调用的手段很多，如Spring：Hessian/Burlap, RMI, and JAX-RPC, JMS ,webservice。等等，你可能有过编写EJB的经验或对RMI有所了解，如果你使用过Spring框架的远程调用，你可能你各种远程调用方法就比较清楚和了解，可是你未必尝试过一切都是自己构造来实现远程调用，这里我们尝试同过编写一个简单的Servlet（极其简单）通过http实现远程方法调用。希望对于servlet你有一个新的认识，在下一篇文章中，我会尝试给你另一个servlet的新的应用。[@more@]让我们先从这个servlet开始：

public class RemoteServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException ,java.io.IOException{
System.out.print("BaseDataServlet service received a remote request");
ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(req.getInputStream());
resp.setContentType("application/octest-stream");
ByteArrayOutputStream byteout = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(byteout);
Request request;
try {
request = (Request)in.readObject();//读取远程调用请求的封装对象
//System.out.println(":n"+request.toString()); RequestProcessor processor=new RequestProcessor();//请求解析对象 out.writeObject(processor.processorLocalhost(request));//执行请求并回写结果 out.flush();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
byte buf[]= byteout.toByteArray();
resp.setContentLength(buf.length);
ServletOutputStream servletout = resp.getOutputStream();
servletout.write(buf);
servletout.close();
}
}

这个servle从输入流读取远程调用的请求（Request对象）：request = (Request)in.readObject();再由解析器RequestProcessor调用请求的对象，然后将结果回传给请求客户端。Request封装了请求的信息：

/**
* 对远程调用请求的封装
* @author wuxinyang
*/
public class Request implements java.io.Serializable{
//目标地址，如果为localhost则为本地方法调用。
private String server;
//spring bean的配置名称，如果配置了该值则通过spring配置装载service。 private String serviceBeanName;
//服务的接口class名称，必须带包名 private String serviceInterface; //要调用的方法名称 private String methodName;
//返回类型，该值不是必须的。 private String returnType="void";
//传入的参数列表 private java.util.List arguments=new java.util.ArrayList();
/**
* 构造方法
* @param server 目标地址
* @param serviceInterface spring bean的配置名称
* @param methodName 方法名称
*/
public Request(String server, String serviceInterface, String methodName) {
super();
this.server = server;
this.serviceInterface = serviceInterface;
this.methodName = methodName;
}
/**
* 添加调用参数
* @param arg 调用参数
*/
public void addArgument(Object arg){
arguments.add(arg);
}
public java.util.List getArguments() {
return arguments;
}
public void setArguments(java.util.List arguments) {
this.arguments = arguments;
}
public String getMethodName() {
return methodName;
}
public void setMethodName(String methodName) {
this.methodName = methodName;
}
public String getReturnType() {
return returnType;
}
public void setReturnType(String returnType) {
this.returnType = returnType;
}
public String getServer() {
return server;
}
public void setServer(String server) {
this.server = server;
}
public String getServiceInterface() {
return serviceInterface;
}
public void setServiceInterface(String serviceInterface) {
this.serviceInterface = serviceInterface;
}
public String getServiceBeanName() {
return serviceBeanName;
}
public void setServiceBeanName(String serviceBeanName) {
this.serviceBeanName = serviceBeanName;
}
/**
* @see java.lang.Object#toString()
*/
public String toString() {
return new ToStringBuilder(this).append("serviceInterface",
this.serviceInterface).append("serviceBeanName",
this.serviceBeanName).append("returnType", this.returnType)
.append("arguments", this.arguments).append("server",
this.server).append("methodName", this.methodName)
.toString();
}
}
RequestProcessor类有如下方法：

public Object processorLocalhost(Request request) {
String serviceInterface = request.getServiceInterface();//服务的接口class名称(被调用者的接口)
try {
Object service;
if(request.getServiceBeanName()!=null){
//通过Spring初始化
service=com.westerasoft.common.SpringBeanFactory.getBean(request.getServiceBeanName());
}
else{
//初始化
service = Class.forName(serviceInterface).newInstance();
}
Method method = null;
BeanInfo beanInfo = Introspector.getBeanInfo(service.getClass());
MethodDescriptor[] methodDescriptors = beanInfo.getMethodDescriptors();
for (int i = 0; i < methodDescriptors.length; i++) {
MethodDescriptor descriptor = methodDescriptors[i];
method = descriptor.getMethod();
if (method.getName().equalsIgnoreCase(request.getMethodName()))
break;
method = null;
}
if (method != null) {
//调用请求的方法
return method.invoke(service, request.getArguments().toArray());
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}

客户端类如下：

public class RequestProcessorTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String urlString = "http://localhost:8080/wcommons/servlet/BaseDataServlet";
//urlString="localhost";
//请求调用远程接口com.westerasoft.common.dnet.RemoteService的方法gbToUtf8(String src)
Request request = new Request(urlString,
"com.westerasoft.common.dnet.RemoteService", "gbToUtf81");
request.addArgument("中国人民解放军ABC");//添加调用参数即方法gbToUtf81的参数
Object answer = (Object) processor(request );
System.out.println(answer);
request = new Request(urlString,null,"findUsers");
//请求调用远程接口userManager(Spring配置的bean name)的findUsers()方法
request.setServiceBeanName("userManager"); answer = (Object) processor(request );
System.out.println(answer);
}

private Object processor(Request request) {
try {
URL url = new URL(request.getServer());
java.net.URLConnection con = url.openConnection();
con.setUseCaches(true);
con.setDoOutput(true);
con.setDoInput(true);
con.setRequestProperty("Content-type", "application/octest-stream");
con.setRequestProperty("Content-length", "" + -1);
ObjectOutputStream dataout = new ObjectOutputStream(con
.getOutputStream());
dataout.writeObject(request);
dataout.flush();
dataout.close();
ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(con.getInputStream());
Object obj = in.readObject();
in.close();
return obj;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
}

是不是极其简单（^_^），可以实现远程接口调用。记住你是通过servlet服务提供的，所以你也可以很容易的控制只对经过授权的用户能够远程调用。实际应用中你也许需要更完善和强大的远程调用框架，比如支持hibernate的延迟加载特性，和异构系统等等，那么有很多好的解决方案供你选择，已知的EJB，Spring，Webservice等等，都是你可以考虑的好东东。