CountDownLatch :
一个同步辅助类,在完成一组正在其他线程中执行的操作之前,它允许一个或多个线程一直等待。
用给定的计数 初始化 CountDownLatch。由于调用了 countDown()
方法,所以在当前计数到达零之前,await
方法会一直受阻塞。之后,会释放所有等待的线程,await
的所有后续调用都将立即返回。这种现象只出现一次——计数无法被重置。
CountDownLatch 很适合用来将一个任务分为n个独立的部分,等这些部分都完成后继续接下来的任务,CountDownLatch 只能出发一次,计数值不能被重置。
CyclicBarrier:
一个同步辅助类,它允许一组线程互相等待,直到到达某个公共屏障点 (common barrier point)。在涉及一组固定大小的线程的程序中,这些线程必须不时地互相等待,此时 CyclicBarrier 很有用。因为该 barrier 在释放等待线程后可以重用,所以称它为循环 的 barrier。
CyclicBarrier可以多次重复使用
下面是两个例子,一个为基于CountDownLatch 的模拟项目,一个项目可以分为多个模块,只有但这些模块都完成后才可以继续下一步的工作。
一个为基于CyclicBarrier的接力赛模拟,有四个队员,当跑完后报出最终成绩。
- package com.woxiaoe.study.thread;
- import java.util.Random;
- import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
- import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
- /**
- * 模拟项目的开发,只有当每个模块都完成后,项目才完成
- * 每个模块的用时不同
- * @author 小e
- *
- * 2010-4-30 下午07:41:37
- */
- class Module implements Runnable{
- private CountDownLatch latch;
- private String moduleName;
- private int time;//用时
- public Module(CountDownLatch latch, String moduleName,int time) {
- super();
- this.latch = latch;
- this.moduleName = moduleName;
- this.time = time;
- }
- @Override
- public void run() {
- try {
- work();
- latch.countDown();
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- private void work() throws InterruptedException{
- TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(time);
- System.out.println(moduleName + " 完成,耗时:" + time);
- }
- }
- class Controller implements Runnable{
- private CountDownLatch latch;
- public Controller(CountDownLatch latch) {
- super();
- this.latch = latch;
- }
- @Override
- public void run() {
- try {
- latch.await();
- System.out.println("所有模块都完成,任务完成");
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- public class Project {
- static final int SIZE = 20;
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(SIZE);
- Random r = new Random();
- ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
- Controller controller = new Controller(latch);
- exec.execute(controller);
- for(int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++){
- exec.execute(new Module(latch, "模块" + (i + 1), r.nextInt(2000)));
- }
- exec.shutdown();
- }
- }
Output:
模块4 完成,耗时:108模块10 完成,耗时:123模块7 完成,耗时:136模块19 完成,耗时:235模块5 完成,耗时:475模块11 完成,耗时:653模块1 完成,耗时:745模块2 完成,耗时:826模块20 完成,耗时:1030模块16 完成,耗时:1151模块3 完成,耗时:1204模块15 完成,耗时:1219模块13 完成,耗时:1274模块17 完成,耗时:1337模块8 完成,耗时:1366模块6 完成,耗时:1491模块14 完成,耗时:1739模块18 完成,耗时:1766模块12 完成,耗时:1883模块9 完成,耗时:1951所有模块都完成,任务完成
- package com.woxiaoe.study.thread;
- import java.util.Random;
- import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;
- import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
- /**
- * 用java模拟4X100接力赛
- * 当结束后 报成绩,应用CyclicBarrier
- * @author 小e
- *
- * 2010-4-30 下午08:13:40
- */
- class Player implements Runnable{
- private String name;
- private CyclicBarrier barrier;
- private Player next;//下一棒
- private int time;//用时
- private boolean run;//第一棒
- public Player(String name, CyclicBarrier barrier, boolean run) {
- super();
- this.name = name;
- this.barrier = barrier;
- this.run = run;
- }
- @Override
- public void run() {
- try {
- synchronized (this) {
- while(!run){//等待队员
- wait();
- }
- }
- Random r = new Random();
- TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(r.nextInt(2000));
- next(next,11 + r.nextInt(2));
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- private void next(Player next, int time) {
- System.out.println(name + " 用时:" + time + ",交接棒");
- if(next != null){
- next.setTime(this.time + time);
- synchronized (next) {
- next.setRun(true);
- next.notify();
- }
- }else{
- System.out.println("跑完,总用时:" + (this.time + time));
- }
- }
- public void setTime(int time) {
- this.time = time;
- }
- public int getTime(){
- return this.time;
- }
- public void setNext(Player next) {
- this.next = next;
- }
- public void setRun(boolean run) {
- this.run = run;
- }
- }
- public class RelayRace {
- public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
- final Player[] players = new Player[4];
- ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
- CyclicBarrier barrier = new CyclicBarrier(4, new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- System.out.println("结束,总用时:" + players[3].getTime());
- }
- });
- for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++){
- players[i] = new Player("队员" + ( i + 1), barrier, i == 0);
- }
- for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++){
- if( i < 3){
- players[i].setNext(players[i + 1]);
- exec.execute(players[i]);
- }else{
- exec.execute(players[3]);
- break;
- }
- }
- /*TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
- * CyclicBarrier 可以重用
- for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++){
- if( i < 3){
- players[i].setNext(players[i + 1]);
- exec.execute(players[i]);
- }else{
- exec.execute(players[3]);
- break;
- }
- }*/
- }
- }