loaded question解释

详细网址http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A2%E5%AE%9A%E8%A7%80%E9%BB%9E%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C

既定观点问题(英语:loaded question[1]),有时也称复合问题(英语:complex question;拉丁语:plurium interrogationum),系在问题中掺入默认的观点,对方一旦回答,就等同承认这些观点是真的。如果回答者并未同意该默认,仅是因正面回答问题而被迫承认,以其回答证成默认则属谬误。
例一
甲:你还在抽烟吗?
乙:没有。
甲:看吧!你果然抽过烟!
甲的问题已默认乙抽过烟,乙无论回答“是”或“否”,皆无异于承认以前抽过烟。 如果乙根本没抽过烟,最安全的做法是回答“我从未抽过烟。”或干脆不回答。
例二
“你不打老婆了吗?”
若正面回答,等同承认有老婆,且以前曾经打过老婆。
例三
“为什么私人企业总是比公营企业有效率?”
若正面回答,等同承认“私人企业总是比公营企业有效率”是事实。
历史实例[编辑]
2009年新西兰体罚公投时曾问以下问题:
"Should a smack as part of good parental correction be a criminal offence in New Zealand?"(中译:做为好的家长管教方法的一部份的掴打该被禁止吗?)
慕来‧艾多里吉(Murray Edridge)指称这问题本身“带有既定观点且模棱两可”,并宣称道“这问题已预先假定掴打是做好的好家长管教方法的一部份”。[2]
2012年6月13日,美国国家篮球协会总裁大卫·斯特恩曾向电台主持人吉姆‧罗姆(Jim Rome)问道:“你不再打你老婆了吗?”借此以表达他对罗姆的访谈的感觉。

The programme should have the following features: ● A menu including Open and Exit where Open starts a JFileChooser to select the file with the questions inside and Exit ends the programme. ● Once a file is loaded, the GUI should display one question and its answers at a time. ● The user should be able to select an answer and they should be informed if they were correct or not. ● The user should be made aware of the number of correctly answered and the total number of questions answered. ● The user should only be able to proceed to the next question once they answered the current one. ● Once all questions have been answered, the user should be informed of their overall score and that the game has finished. The Open menu item should now be enabled to start a new quiz. Optionally, you can add a restart menu item to redo the current quiz. Concrete sub-tasks: a) define a class called Question to hold a single question, i.e. the text, the possible answers, and the correct answer index; (0.25P) b) write a method to select a file via a JFileChooser and to read all the questions from that file into an array/list of Question objects (assume that file has the structure mentioned above); (0.25P) c) design and implement a GUI with the components mentioned above: A menu, ability to display the question and answers, ability to select an answer, show the outcome and score, and proceed to the next question. (Appropriate layout: 1P, Class extends JFrame: 0.25P, Class follows OOP principles: 0.25P, Global set-up in main method: 0.25P)1 d) write a method to display a question on the GUI you designed; (0.25P) e) implement an actionPerformed method to respond to user interactions with the GUI. Make sure to enable and disable interactive components as required, e.g. the user should not be able to skip to the next question without selecting an answer first and they should not be able to load a new quiz before finishing the current one;
05-29
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