Oracle Silent Install 静默安装

一、安装必要的包

yum install compat-gcc-34 compat-gcc-34-c++ compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc-devel libstdc++-devel sysstat libXp

二、修改Linux发行版本信息

[root@centos5 oracle]# vi /etc/redhat-release

#CentOS release 5.8 (Final)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS release 4 (Nahant Update 4)

 

三、修改系统设置及内核参数

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

kernel.shmall = 2097152   
#该参数表示系统一次可以使用的共享内存总量（以页为单位）。缺省值就是2097152，通常不需要修改
#就是 2097152*4k/1024/1024 = 8G 就是说可用共享内存一共 8G getconf PAGE_SIZE可以查看系统页大小
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
#该参数定义了共享内存段的最大尺寸（以字节为单位）。缺省为32M，对于oracle来说，该缺省值太低了，通常将其设置为2G
kernel.shmmni = 4096
#这个内核参数用于设置系统范围内共享内存段的最大数量。该参数的默认值是 4096 。通常不需要更改
# semaphores: semmsl, semmns, semopm, semmni
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 65536
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default=262144
net.core.rmem_max=262144
net.core.wmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_max=262144

参数补充说明

可以通过ipcs -lm命令查看目前系统共享内存的参数限制：

[root@centos5 oracle]# ipcs -lm
------ Shared Memory Limits --------
max number of segments = 4096
max seg size (kbytes) = 67108864
max total shared memory (kbytes) = 17179869184
min seg size (bytes) = 1

SHMMAX

含义：单个共享内存段最大字节数
设置：比SGA略大
查看：cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax
$ cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax
68719476736

SHMMNI

含义：共享内存段最大个数
设置：至少4096
查看：cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmmni
# cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmmni
4096

SHMALL

含义：系统中共享内存页总数
设置：至少ceil(shmmax/PAGE_SIZE)；ORACLE DOC 默认值：2097152*4096=8GB
查看：cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmall

$ getconf PAGE_SIZE
4096

Oracle建议对每个Linux账户可以使用的进程数和打开的文件数设置限制（可选设置）
打开文件limits.conf

[root@centos5 home]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
* soft nproc 2047
* hard nproc 16384
* soft nofile 1024
* hard nofile 65536

[root@centos5 home]# vi /etc/pam.d/login

session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so

关闭selinux

[root@centos5 home]# vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=enforcing
修改为
SELINUX=disabled

修改环境变量

vi /etc/oraInst.loc
inventory_loc=/home/oracle/oraInventory
inst_group=oracle

[root@centos5 ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ vi .bash_profile

export ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10g

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
ORA_NLS33=$ORACLE_HOME/ocommon/nls/admin/data; export ORA_NLS33
TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin; export TNS_ADMIN
NLS_LANG=american_america.US7ASCII; export NLS_LANG
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib; export CLASSPATH
PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin; export PATH
LANG=en_US; export LANG
ORACLE_SID=osa

四、安装数据库及补丁
解压数据库安装包

cpio -idmv < 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio

创建用户

[root@centos5 db]# groupadd dba
[root@centos5 db]# groupadd oinstall
[root@centos5 db]# useradd -m -g oinstall -G dba oracle

修改安装配置文件：

[oracle@localhost database]$ cd response/
[oracle@localhost response]$ vi enterprise.rsp
修改必要的参数
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=”oinstall”
FROM_LOCATION= "../stage/products.xml"
ORACLE_HOME= "/home/oracle/product/10g"
ORACLE_HOME_NAME="ORACLEHOME"
RESTART_SYSTEM=false
RESTART_REMOTE_SYSTEM=false
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=localhost
COMPONENT_LANGUAGES={"zh_CN"}
s_nameForDBAGrp="dba"
n_configurationOption=3
ORACLE_HOME_NAME="ORACLEHOME"           ---这里注意补丁时ORACLE_HOME必须设置为一致，否则升级失败

开始安装

./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/db/database/response/enterprise.rsp
.....

End of install phases.(Sat May 11 00:48:25 CST 2013)
WARNING:The following configuration scripts
/home/oracle/product/10g/root.sh
need to be executed as root for configuring the system. If you skip the execution of the configuration tools,
 the configuration will not be complete and the product wont function properly. 
In order to get the product to function properly, 
you will be required to execute the scripts and the configuration tools after exiting the OUI.

根据提示在root下执行
/home/oracle/product/10g/root.sh

安装补丁

修改响应文件

vi  /home/db/Disk1/response/patchset.rsp

UNIX_GROUP_NAME=”oinstall”
FROM_LOCATION="../stage/products.xml"
ORACLE_HOME= "/home/oracle/product/10g"
ORACLE_HOME_NAME="ORACLEHOME"
RESTART_SYSTEM=false
COMPONENT_LANGUAGES={"zh_CN"}

 执行升级
 

./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/db/Disk1/response/patchset.rsp
End of install phases.(Saturday, May 11, 2013 1:13:38 AM CST)
WARNING:
The following configuration scripts need to be executed as the "root" user.
#!/bin/sh
#Root script to run
/home/oracle/product/10g/root.sh
To execute the configuration scripts:
    1. Open a terminal window
    2. Log in as "root"
    3. Run the scripts
        

以root身份执行

/home/oracle/product/10g/root.sh

    
五、静默建立数据库

修改响应文件response子目录下的应答文件 dbca.rsp

OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"
GDBNAME = "osa"
SID = "osa"
SYSPASSWORD = "sys"
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "system"
CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK"
TEMPLATENAME = "/home/oracle/product/10g/assistants/dbca/templates/General_Purpose.dbc"
EMCONFIGURATION = "LOCAL"
SYSMANPASSWORD = "sysman"
DBSNMPPASSWORD = "dbsnmp"

[oracle@centos5 database]$ dbca -silent -responseFile /home/db/database/response/dbca.rsp
Template General Purpose does not exist. Please specify an existing template for database creation.

[oracle@centos5 database]$ dbca -silent -responseFile /home/db/database/response/dbca.rsp
Not all required options provided for the command "createDatabase".Please refer to the manual for details.
Not all required options provided for the command "createDatabase".Please refer to the manual for details.

报错处理：
注意一下TEMPLATENAME应该是在CREATEDATABASE目录里

[CREATEDATABASE]

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name          : GDBNAME
# Datatype      : String
# Description   : Global database name of the database
# Valid values  : <db_name>.<db_domain> - when database domain isn't NULL
#                 <db_name>             - when database domain is NULL
# Default value : None
# Mandatory     : Yes
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
GDBNAME = "osa"
          
TEMPLATENAME = "/home/oracle/product/10g/assistants/dbca/templates/General_Purpose.dbc"

解决问题后开始执行静默创建

[oracle@centos5 database]$ dbca -silent -responseFile /home/db/database/response/dbca.rsp
Copying database files
1% complete
3% complete
11% complete
18% complete
26% complete
37% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
40% complete
45% complete
50% complete
55% complete
56% complete
60% complete
62% complete
Completing Database Creation
66% complete
70% complete
73% complete
85% complete
96% complete
100% complete
Look at the log file "/home/oracle/product/10g/cfgtoollogs/dbca/osa/osa.log" for further details.

然后编辑 /etc/oratab将
<Oracle的SID>:<Oracle的主目录>:N
修改为
<Oracle的SID>:<Oracle的主目录>:Y
安装完成！

查看数据库

[oracle@centos5 oraInventory]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sat May 11 01:44:32 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> select open_mode from v$database;

OPEN_MODE
----------
READ WRITE

六、静默listen设置

编辑Oracle安装目录里response子目录下的应答文件 netca.rsp，修改以下项目。

INSTALL_TYPE=""custom"" 安装的类型
LISTENER_NUMBER=1 监听器数量
LISTENER_NAMES={"LISTENER"} 监听器的名称列表
LISTENER_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;1521"} 监听器使用的通讯协议列表
LISTENER_START=""LISTENER"" 监听器启动的名称

netca遇到错误

[oracle@centos5 response]$ netca -silent -responseFile /home/db/database/response/netca.rsp                     
****DISPLAY environment variable not set!
    Oracle Net Configuration Assistant is a GUI tool
    which requires that DISPLAY specify a location
    where GUI tools can display.
    Set and export DISPLAY, then re-run.
[oracle@centos5 response]$ export DISPLAY=localhost:0.0
[oracle@centos5 response]$ netca -silent -responseFile /home/db/database/response/netca.rsp
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: 
/home/oracle/product/10g/jdk/jre/lib/i386/libawt.so: libXt.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
        at java.lang.ClassLoader$NativeLibrary.load(Native Method)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary0(ClassLoader.java:1586)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary(ClassLoader.java:1503)
        at java.lang.Runtime.loadLibrary0(Runtime.java:788)
        at java.lang.System.loadLibrary(System.java:834)
        at sun.security.action.LoadLibraryAction.run(LoadLibraryAction.java:50)
        at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
        at sun.awt.NativeLibLoader.loadLibraries(NativeLibLoader.java:38)
        at sun.awt.DebugHelper.<clinit>(DebugHelper.java:29)
        at java.awt.Component.<clinit>(Component.java:506)
[oracle@centos5 response]$ netca -silent -responseFile /home/db/database/response/netca.rsp

 

懒得解决，直接使用手工listen配置文件

[oracle@centos5 ~]$ cd /home/oracle/product/10g/network/admin/
[oracle@centos5 admin]$ vi listener.ora

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS_LIST =
        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.16.64.120)(PORT = 1521))
      )
    )
  )

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = osa)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /home/oracle/product/10g)
      (SID_NAME = osa)
    )
  ) 
"listener.ora" [New] 17L, 323C written
[oracle@centos5 admin]$ lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 11-MAY-2013 02:08:30

Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Starting /home/oracle/product/10g/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
System parameter file is /home/oracle/product/10g/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /home/oracle/product/10g/network/log/listener.log
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=172.16.64.120)(PORT=1521)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=172.16.64.120)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date                11-MAY-2013 02:08:31
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /home/oracle/product/10g/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /home/oracle/product/10g/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=172.16.64.120)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "osa" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "osa", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

 

七、建立测试用户及表空间

[oracle@centos5 dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon May 13 23:56:50 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> create tablespace osa_test datafile '/home/oracle/oradata/osa/osa_test.dbf' size 500m;

Tablespace created.

SQL> create user osa_test identified by osa_test default tablespace osa_test temporary tablespace temp;

User created.

SQL> grant connect,resource to osa_test;

Grant succeeded.

测试完毕 by cycsa