https://www.cnblogs.com/liruihuan/p/6670289.html
上一篇提到的 find() 的方法,细心的伙伴会发现查询的结果都是显示了集合中全部的字段,实际应用中,显然是不够用的。那么有没有办法指定特定的字段显示出文档呢?答案是肯定的,MongoDB 中用映射实现这种功能。
1、映射
MongoDB 中限制字段的显示,可以利用 0 或 1 来设置字段列表。1 用于显示字段,0 用于隐藏字段。
格式
1 | db.COLLECTION_NAME.find({},{ KEY :1}) |
范例
查询文档时,只显示文档中的 name。首先查询出 user 集合中的所有文档,然后利用映射,返回文档中 name 字段。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 | > db. user .find() { "_id" : ObjectId( "58e1d2f0bb1bbc3245fa754b" ), "name" : "liruihuan" , "age" : 18, "sex" : "man" } { "_id" : ObjectId( "58e1d2f0bb1bbc3245fa754d" ), "name" : "user1" , "age" : 19, "sex" : "man" } { "_id" : ObjectId( "58e1d2f0bb1bbc3245fa754e" ), "name" : "user2" , "age" : 20, "sex" : "woman" } { "_id" : ObjectId( "58e1d2f0bb1bbc3245fa754f" ), "name" : "user3" , "age" : 19, "sex" : "woman" } >db. user .find({},{ "name" :1, "_id" :0}) { "name" : "liruihuan" } { "name" : "user1" } { "name" : "user2" } { "name" : "user3" } > |
如果不加 "_id":0 会返回什么结果呢
1 2 3 4 5 6 | > db. user .find({},{ "name" :1}) { "_id" : ObjectId( "58e1d2f0bb1bbc3245fa754b" ), "name" : "liruihuan" } { "_id" : ObjectId( "58e1d2f0bb1bbc3245fa754d" ), "name" : "user1" } { "_id" : ObjectId( "58e1d2f0bb1bbc3245fa754e" ), "name" : "user2" } { "_id" : ObjectId( "58e1d2f0bb1bbc3245fa754f" ), "name" : "user3" } > |
我们发现不设置 "_id":1 结果中也会返回 _id 字段,这是因为在执行 find()
方法时,_id
字段是一直显示的。如果不想显示该字段,则可以设置 "_id":0。
2、限制记录
MongoDB 中想要显示或者跳过指定的文档条数,可以利用 limit() 方法和 skip() 方法
2.1、limit() 方法
limit() 方法接受一个数值类型的参数,其值为想要显示的文档数。
格式
1 | db.COLLECTION_NAME.find().limit(NUMBER) |
范例
查询文档时,只显示两条文档。首先查询出 user 集合中的所有文档,然后利用 limit() 方法,显示两条记录。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | > db. user .find() { "_id" : ObjectId( "58e1d2f0bb1bbc3245fa754b" ), "name" : "liruihuan" , "age" : 18, "sex" : "man" } { "_id" : ObjectId( "58e1d2f0bb1bbc3245fa754d" ), "name" : "user1" , "age" : 19, "sex" : "man" } { "_id" : ObjectId( "58e1d2f0bb1bbc3245fa754e" ), "name" : "user2" , "age" : 20, "sex" : "woman" } { "_id" : ObjectId( "58e1d2f0bb1bbc3245fa754f" ), "name" : "user3" , "age" : 19, "sex" : "woman" } >db. user .find().limit(2) { "_id" : ObjectId( "58e1d2f0bb1bbc3245fa754b" ), "name" : "liruihuan" , "age" : 18, "sex" : "man" } { "_id" : ObjectId( "58e1d2f0bb1bbc3245fa754d" ), "name" : "user1" , "age" : 19, "sex" : "man" } > |
如果不给 limit() 指定参数呢,我们会发现,返回了全部文档。
1 2 3 4 5 | > db. user .find().limit() { "_id" : ObjectId( "58e1d2f0bb1bbc3245fa754b" ), "name" : "liruihuan" , "age" : 18, "sex" : "man" } { "_id" : ObjectId( "58e1d2f0bb1bbc3245fa754d" ), "name" : "user1" , "age" : 19, "sex" : "man" } { "_id" : ObjectId( "58e1d2f0bb1bbc3245fa754e" ), "name" : "user2" , "age" : 20, "sex" : "woman" } { "_id" : ObjectId( "58e1d2f0bb1bbc3245fa754f" ), "name" : "user3" , "age" : 19, "sex" : "woman" } |
2.2、skip() 方法
skip() 方法接受一个数值类型的参数,其值为想要跳过的文档数。
格式
1 | db.COLLECTION_NAME.find().limit(NUMBER).skip(NUMBER) |
范例
查询文档时,只显示第二条文档。首先查询出 user 集合中的所有文档,然后利用 limit(1) 方法,显示一条文档,利用 skip(1) 方法跳过第一条文档。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | > db. user .find() { "_id" : ObjectId( "58e1d2f0bb1bbc3245fa754b" ), "name" : "liruihuan" , "age" : 18, "sex" : "man" } { "_id" : ObjectId( "58e1d2f0bb1bbc3245fa754d" ), "name" : "user1" , "age" : 19, "sex" : "man" } { "_id" : ObjectId( "58e1d2f0bb1bbc3245fa754e" ), "name" : "user2" , "age" : 20, "sex" : "woman" } { "_id" : ObjectId( "58e1d2f0bb1bbc3245fa754f" ), "name" : "user3" , "age" : 19, "sex" : "woman" } >db. user .find().limit(1).skip(1) { "_id" : ObjectId( "58e1d2f0bb1bbc3245fa754d" ), "name" : "user1" , "age" : 19, "sex" : "man" } > |
skip() 方法的默认值是 0 。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 | > db. user .find() { "_id" : ObjectId( "58e1d2f0bb1bbc3245fa754b" ), "name" : "liruihuan" , "age" : 18, "sex" : "man" } { "_id" : ObjectId( "58e1d2f0bb1bbc3245fa754d" ), "name" : "user1" , "age" : 19, "sex" : "man" } { "_id" : ObjectId( "58e1d2f0bb1bbc3245fa754e" ), "name" : "user2" , "age" : 20, "sex" : "woman" } { "_id" : ObjectId( "58e1d2f0bb1bbc3245fa754f" ), "name" : "user3" , "age" : 19, "sex" : "woman" } > db. user .find().skip() { "_id" : ObjectId( "58e1d2f0bb1bbc3245fa754b" ), "name" : "liruihuan" , "age" : 18, "sex" : "man" } { "_id" : ObjectId( "58e1d2f0bb1bbc3245fa754d" ), "name" : "user1" , "age" : 19, "sex" : "man" } { "_id" : ObjectId( "58e1d2f0bb1bbc3245fa754e" ), "name" : "user2" , "age" : 20, "sex" : "woman" } { "_id" : ObjectId( "58e1d2f0bb1bbc3245fa754f" ), "name" : "user3" , "age" : 19, "sex" : "woman" } > |