视音频数据处理入门：H.264视频码流解析

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最新推荐文章于 2024-04-30 09:39:50 发布

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视音频数据处理入门系列文章：

视音频数据处理入门：RGB、YUV像素数据处理

视音频数据处理入门：PCM音频采样数据处理

视音频数据处理入门：H.264视频码流解析

视音频数据处理入门：AAC音频码流解析

视音频数据处理入门：FLV封装格式解析

视音频数据处理入门：UDP-RTP协议解析

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前两篇文章介绍的YUV/RGB处理程序以及PCM处理程序都属于视音频原始数据的处理程序。从本文开始介绍视音频码流的处理程序。本文介绍的程序是视频码流处理程序。视频码流在视频播放器中的位置如下所示。

本文中的程序是一个H.264码流解析程序。该程序可以从H.264码流中分析得到它的基本单元NALU，并且可以简单解析NALU首部的字段。通过修改该程序可以实现不同的H.264码流处理功能。

原理

H.264原始码流（又称为“裸流”）是由一个一个的NALU组成的。他们的结构如下图所示。

其中每个NALU之间通过startcode（起始码）进行分隔，起始码分成两种：0x000001（3Byte）或者0x00000001（4Byte）。如果NALU对应的Slice为一帧的开始就用0x00000001，否则就用0x000001。

H.264码流解析的步骤就是首先从码流中搜索0x000001和0x00000001，分离出NALU；然后再分析NALU的各个字段。本文的程序即实现了上述的两个步骤。

代码

整个程序位于simplest_h264_parser()函数中，如下所示。

/** * 最简单的视音频数据处理示例 * Simplest MediaData Test * * 雷霄骅 Lei Xiaohua * leixiaohua1020@126.com * 中国传媒大学/数字电视技术 * Communication University of China / Digital TV Technology * http://blog.csdn.net/leixiaohua1020 * * 本项目包含如下几种视音频测试示例： *  (1)像素数据处理程序。包含RGB和YUV像素格式处理的函数。 *  (2)音频采样数据处理程序。包含PCM音频采样格式处理的函数。 *  (3)H.264码流分析程序。可以分离并解析NALU。 *  (4)AAC码流分析程序。可以分离并解析ADTS帧。 *  (5)FLV封装格式分析程序。可以将FLV中的MP3音频码流分离出来。 *  (6)UDP-RTP协议分析程序。可以将分析UDP/RTP/MPEG-TS数据包。 * * This project contains following samples to handling multimedia data: *  (1) Video pixel data handling program. It contains several examples to handle RGB and YUV data. *  (2) Audio sample data handling program. It contains several examples to handle PCM data. *  (3) H.264 stream analysis program. It can parse H.264 bitstream and analysis NALU of stream. *  (4) AAC stream analysis program. It can parse AAC bitstream and analysis ADTS frame of stream. *  (5) FLV format analysis program. It can analysis FLV file and extract MP3 audio stream. *  (6) UDP-RTP protocol analysis program. It can analysis UDP/RTP/MPEG-TS Packet. * */#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <string.h>typedef enum { NALU_TYPE_SLICE    = 1, NALU_TYPE_DPA      = 2, NALU_TYPE_DPB      = 3, NALU_TYPE_DPC      = 4, NALU_TYPE_IDR      = 5, NALU_TYPE_SEI      = 6, NALU_TYPE_SPS      = 7, NALU_TYPE_PPS      = 8, NALU_TYPE_AUD      = 9, NALU_TYPE_EOSEQ    = 10, NALU_TYPE_EOSTREAM = 11, NALU_TYPE_FILL     = 12,} NaluType;typedef enum { NALU_PRIORITY_DISPOSABLE = 0, NALU_PRIRITY_LOW         = 1, NALU_PRIORITY_HIGH       = 2, NALU_PRIORITY_HIGHEST    = 3} NaluPriority;typedef struct{ int startcodeprefix_len;      //! 4 for parameter sets and first slice in picture, 3 for everything else (suggested) unsigned len;                 //! Length of the NAL unit (Excluding the start code, which does not belong to the NALU) unsigned max_size;            //! Nal Unit Buffer size int forbidden_bit;            //! should be always FALSE int nal_reference_idc;        //! NALU_PRIORITY_xxxx int nal_unit_type;            //! NALU_TYPE_xxxx     char *buf;                    //! contains the first byte followed by the EBSP} NALU_t;FILE *h264bitstream = NULL;                //!< the bit stream fileint info2=0, info3=0;static int FindStartCode2 (unsigned char *Buf){ if(Buf[0]!=0 || Buf[1]!=0 || Buf[2] !=1) return 0; //0x000001? else return 1;}static int FindStartCode3 (unsigned char *Buf){ if(Buf[0]!=0 || Buf[1]!=0 || Buf[2] !=0 || Buf[3] !=1) return 0;//0x00000001? else return 1;}int GetAnnexbNALU (NALU_t *nalu){ int pos = 0; int StartCodeFound, rewind; unsigned char *Buf; if ((Buf = (unsigned char*)calloc (nalu->max_size , sizeof(char))) == NULL)   printf ("GetAnnexbNALU: Could not allocate Buf memory\n"); nalu->startcodeprefix_len=3; if (3 != fread (Buf, 1, 3, h264bitstream)){  free(Buf);  return 0; } info2 = FindStartCode2 (Buf); if(info2 != 1) {  if(1 != fread(Buf+3, 1, 1, h264bitstream)){   free(Buf);   return 0;  }  info3 = FindStartCode3 (Buf);  if (info3 != 1){    free(Buf);   return -1;  }  else {   pos = 4;   nalu->startcodeprefix_len = 4;  } } else{  nalu->startcodeprefix_len = 3;  pos = 3; } StartCodeFound = 0; info2 = 0; info3 = 0; while (!StartCodeFound){  if (feof (h264bitstream)){   nalu->len = (pos-1)-nalu->startcodeprefix_len;   memcpy (nalu->buf, &Buf[nalu->startcodeprefix_len], nalu->len);        nalu->forbidden_bit = nalu->buf[0] & 0x80; //1 bit   nalu->nal_reference_idc = nalu->buf[0] & 0x60; // 2 bit   nalu->nal_unit_type = (nalu->buf[0]) & 0x1f;// 5 bit   free(Buf);   return pos-1;  }  Buf[pos++] = fgetc (h264bitstream);  info3 = FindStartCode3(&Buf[pos-4]);  if(info3 != 1)   info2 = FindStartCode2(&Buf[pos-3]);  StartCodeFound = (info2 == 1 || info3 == 1); } // Here, we have found another start code (and read length of startcode bytes more than we should // have.  Hence, go back in the file rewind = (info3 == 1)? -4 : -3; if (0 != fseek (h264bitstream, rewind, SEEK_CUR)){  free(Buf);  printf("GetAnnexbNALU: Cannot fseek in the bit stream file"); } // Here the Start code, the complete NALU, and the next start code is in the Buf.   // The size of Buf is pos, pos+rewind are the number of bytes excluding the next // start code, and (pos+rewind)-startcodeprefix_len is the size of the NALU excluding the start code nalu->len = (pos+rewind)-nalu->startcodeprefix_len; memcpy (nalu->buf, &Buf[nalu->startcodeprefix_len], nalu->len);// nalu->forbidden_bit = nalu->buf[0] & 0x80; //1 bit nalu->nal_reference_idc = nalu->buf[0] & 0x60; // 2 bit nalu->nal_unit_type = (nalu->buf[0]) & 0x1f;// 5 bit free(Buf); return (pos+rewind);}/** * Analysis H.264 Bitstream * @param url    Location of input H.264 bitstream file. */int simplest_h264_parser(char *url){ NALU_t *n; int buffersize=100000; //FILE *myout=fopen("output_log.txt","wb+"); FILE *myout=stdout; h264bitstream=fopen(url, "rb+"); if (h264bitstream==NULL){  printf("Open file error\n");  return 0; } n = (NALU_t*)calloc (1, sizeof (NALU_t)); if (n == NULL){  printf("Alloc NALU Error\n");  return 0; } n->max_size=buffersize; n->buf = (char*)calloc (buffersize, sizeof (char)); if (n->buf == NULL){  free (n);  printf ("AllocNALU: n->buf");  return 0; } int data_offset=0; int nal_num=0; printf("-----+-------- NALU Table ------+---------+\n"); printf(" NUM |    POS  |    IDC |  TYPE |   LEN   |\n"); printf("-----+---------+--------+-------+---------+\n"); while(!feof(h264bitstream))  {  int data_lenth;  data_lenth=GetAnnexbNALU(n);  char type_str[20]={0};  switch(n->nal_unit_type){   case NALU_TYPE_SLICE:sprintf(type_str,"SLICE");break;   case NALU_TYPE_DPA:sprintf(type_str,"DPA");break;   case NALU_TYPE_DPB:sprintf(type_str,"DPB");break;   case NALU_TYPE_DPC:sprintf(type_str,"DPC");break;   case NALU_TYPE_IDR:sprintf(type_str,"IDR");break;   case NALU_TYPE_SEI:sprintf(type_str,"SEI");break;   case NALU_TYPE_SPS:sprintf(type_str,"SPS");break;   case NALU_TYPE_PPS:sprintf(type_str,"PPS");break;   case NALU_TYPE_AUD:sprintf(type_str,"AUD");break;   case NALU_TYPE_EOSEQ:sprintf(type_str,"EOSEQ");break;   case NALU_TYPE_EOSTREAM:sprintf(type_str,"EOSTREAM");break;   case NALU_TYPE_FILL:sprintf(type_str,"FILL");break;  }  char idc_str[20]={0};  switch(n->nal_reference_idc>>5){   case NALU_PRIORITY_DISPOSABLE:sprintf(idc_str,"DISPOS");break;   case NALU_PRIRITY_LOW:sprintf(idc_str,"LOW");break;   case NALU_PRIORITY_HIGH:sprintf(idc_str,"HIGH");break;   case NALU_PRIORITY_HIGHEST:sprintf(idc_str,"HIGHEST");break;  }  fprintf(myout,"%5d| %8d| %7s| %6s| %8d|\n",nal_num,data_offset,idc_str,type_str,n->len);  data_offset=data_offset+data_lenth;  nal_num++; } //Free if (n){  if (n->buf){   free(n->buf);   n->buf=NULL;  }  free (n); } return 0;}

上文中的函数调用方法如下所示。

simplest_h264_parser("sintel.h264");

结果

本程序的输入为一个H.264原始码流（裸流）的文件路径，输出为该码流的NALU统计数据，如下图所示。

下载

Simplest mediadata test

项目主页

SourceForge：https://sourceforge.net/projects/simplest-mediadata-test/

Github：https://github.com/leixiaohua1020/simplest_mediadata_test

开源中国：http://git.oschina.net/leixiaohua1020/simplest_mediadata_test

CSDN下载地址：http://download.csdn.net/detail/leixiaohua1020/9422409

本项目包含如下几种视音频数据解析示例：

(1)像素数据处理程序。包含RGB和YUV像素格式处理的函数。
(2)音频采样数据处理程序。包含PCM音频采样格式处理的函数。
(3)H.264码流分析程序。可以分离并解析NALU。
(4)AAC码流分析程序。可以分离并解析ADTS帧。
(5)FLV封装格式分析程序。可以将FLV中的MP3音频码流分离出来。
(6)UDP-RTP协议分析程序。可以将分析UDP/RTP/MPEG-TS数据包。

雷霄骅 (Lei Xiaohua)
leixiaohua1020@126.com
http://blog.csdn.net/leixiaohua1020