swap(a,b)

1. method 1

#include <stdio.h> 
void swap(int* xp, int* yp) 
{ 
	if (xp == yp) // Check if the two addresses are same 
		return; 
	*xp = *xp + *yp; 
	*yp = *xp - *yp; 
	*xp = *xp - *yp; 
} 
int main() 
{ 
	int x = 10; 
	swap(&x, &x); 
	printf("After swap(&x, &x): x = %d", x); 
	return 0; 
} 

2. method 2

#include <stdio.h> 
void swap(int* xp, int* yp) 
{ 
	if (xp == yp)
		return;
	*xp = *xp ^ *yp; 
	*yp = *xp ^ *yp; 
	*xp = *xp ^ *yp; 
} 

int main() 
{ 
	int x = 10; 
	swap(&x, &x); 
	printf("After swap(&x, &x): x = %d", x); 
	return 0; 
} 

NOTE: the check for xp == yp is necessary, if they point to same variable, the algorithm will not work.

For macro,

#define swap(a,b) ({\
    if (a != b) {\
        (*a) = (*a) ^ (*b);\
        (*b) = (*a) ^ (*b);\
        (*a) = (*a) ^ (*b);\
    }\
  })