Java 8 中新增Streams 学习笔记

本文翻译自: www.tutorialspoint.com

原文链接:  参考教程

什么是Stream?

• stream是java8中新增的一个抽象层.它代表数据源的一组支持聚合操作(aggregate operations)的对象序列.它具有以下特点:

  ** 元素的序列----Stream 提供一个特定类型的顺序排列元素的集合.如果需要,Stream获取或者计算这些元素.但是,它不存储任何元素.

  ** 数据源----Stream把Collection,Array或者IO数据源作为输入源.

  ** 聚合操作---- Stream 提供像过滤,映射,限制,减少,寻找,匹配,等等聚合操作.

  ** 管道(方法链操作)----大部分Stream的操作返回一个stream本身,因此操作的输出可以当作下一个操作的输入.这些操做称为中间操作.collect()方法是终端操作,它常常代表着管道操作的结束并终止stream.

  ** 自动迭代----Stream操作在数据源元素之上在其内部进行迭代,与之相对,Collections需要显示的生成一个迭代器.

生成Streams

Java8中,Collection 接口新增了两个方法以产生Stream:

** stream()----返回一个以Collection中数据为数据源的Stream

** parallelStream()----与stream()相似,支持并行操作.

List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("abc", "", "bc", "efg", "abcd","", "jkl");
List<String> filtered = strings.stream().filter(string -> !string.isEmpty()).collect(Collectors.toList());

forEach

Stream 提供了一个新的方法"forEach",以便迭代流中的所有元素.下面的代码展示了如何用forEach打印10个随机数.

Random random = new Random();
random.ints().limit(10).forEach(System.out::println);

map

"map'方法用于把每个元素映射成与它对应的元素.以下代码获取流中元素的不重复的平方.

List<Integer> numbers = Arrays.asList(3, 2, 2, 3, 7, 3, 5);

//get list of unique squares
List<Integer> squaresList = numbers.stream().map( i -> i*i).distinct().collect(Collectors.toList());

filter

"filter"方法用于通过特定的规则,排除一些元素.以下代码块展示了如何去除空字符串.

List<String>strings = Arrays.asList("abc", "", "bc", "efg", "abcd","", "jkl");

//get count of empty string
int count = strings.stream().filter(string -> string.isEmpty()).count();

limit

"limit"方法用于减小流的长度.以下代码打印10个随机数.

Random random = new Random();
random.ints().limit(10).forEach(System.out::println);

sorted

"sorted"方法用于给流排序.

Random random = new Random();
random.ints().limit(10).sorted().forEach(System.out::println);

并行操作

parallelStream 用于并行操作.多核机器会提高效率.

List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("abc", "", "bc", "efg", "abcd","", "jkl");

//get count of empty string
int count = strings.parallelStream().filter(string -> string.isEmpty()).count();

Collectors

Collectors常用于聚合流的操作结果.Collectors用于返回列表或字符串.

List<String>strings = Arrays.asList("abc", "", "bc", "efg", "abcd","", "jkl");
List<String> filtered = strings.stream().filter(string -> !string.isEmpty()).collect(Collectors.toList());

System.out.println("Filtered List: " + filtered);
String mergedString = strings.stream().filter(string -> !string.isEmpty()).collect(Collectors.joining(", "));
System.out.println("Merged String: " + mergedString);

Statistics

流操作完毕后,statics collectors(数据收集器)用来计算所有统计数据.

List<Integer> numbers = Arrays.asList(3, 2, 2, 3, 7, 3, 5);

IntSummaryStatistics stats = integers.stream().mapToInt((x) -> x).summaryStatistics();

System.out.println("Highest number in List : " + stats.getMax());
System.out.println("Lowest number in List : " + stats.getMin());
System.out.println("Sum of all numbers : " + stats.getSum());
System.out.println("Average of all numbers : " + stats.getAverage());

栗子

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.IntSummaryStatistics;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.Map;

public class Java8Tester {

   public static void main(String args[]) {
      System.out.println("Using Java 7: ");

      // Count empty strings
      List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("abc", "", "bc", "efg", "abcd","", "jkl");
      System.out.println("List: " +strings);
      long count = getCountEmptyStringUsingJava7(strings);

      System.out.println("Empty Strings: " + count);
      count = getCountLength3UsingJava7(strings);

      System.out.println("Strings of length 3: " + count);

      //Eliminate empty string
      List<String> filtered = deleteEmptyStringsUsingJava7(strings);
      System.out.println("Filtered List: " + filtered);

      //Eliminate empty string and join using comma.
      String mergedString = getMergedStringUsingJava7(strings,", ");
      System.out.println("Merged String: " + mergedString);
      List<Integer> numbers = Arrays.asList(3, 2, 2, 3, 7, 3, 5);

      //get list of square of distinct numbers
      List<Integer> squaresList = getSquares(numbers);
      System.out.println("Squares List: " + squaresList);
      List<Integer> integers = Arrays.asList(1,2,13,4,15,6,17,8,19);

      System.out.println("List: " +integers);
      System.out.println("Highest number in List : " + getMax(integers));
      System.out.println("Lowest number in List : " + getMin(integers));
      System.out.println("Sum of all numbers : " + getSum(integers));
      System.out.println("Average of all numbers : " + getAverage(integers));
      System.out.println("Random Numbers: ");

      //print ten random numbers
      Random random = new Random();

      for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
         System.out.println(random.nextInt());
      }

      System.out.println("Using Java 8: ");
      System.out.println("List: " +strings);

      count = strings.stream().filter(string->string.isEmpty()).count();
      System.out.println("Empty Strings: " + count);

      count = strings.stream().filter(string -> string.length() == 3).count();
      System.out.println("Strings of length 3: " + count);

      filtered = strings.stream().filter(string ->!string.isEmpty()).collect(Collectors.toList());
      System.out.println("Filtered List: " + filtered);

      mergedString = strings.stream().filter(string ->!string.isEmpty()).collect(Collectors.joining(", "));
      System.out.println("Merged String: " + mergedString);

      squaresList = numbers.stream().map( i ->i*i).distinct().collect(Collectors.toList());
      System.out.println("Squares List: " + squaresList);
      System.out.println("List: " +integers);

      IntSummaryStatistics stats = integers.stream().mapToInt((x) ->x).summaryStatistics();

      System.out.println("Highest number in List : " + stats.getMax());
      System.out.println("Lowest number in List : " + stats.getMin());
      System.out.println("Sum of all numbers : " + stats.getSum());
      System.out.println("Average of all numbers : " + stats.getAverage());
      System.out.println("Random Numbers: ");

      random.ints().limit(10).sorted().forEach(System.out::println);

      //parallel processing
      count = strings.parallelStream().filter(string -> string.isEmpty()).count();
      System.out.println("Empty Strings: " + count);
   }

   private static int getCountEmptyStringUsingJava7(List<String> strings) {
      int count = 0;

      for(String string: strings) {

         if(string.isEmpty()) {
            count++;
         }
      }
      return count;
   }

   private static int getCountLength3UsingJava7(List<String> strings) {
      int count = 0;

      for(String string: strings) {

         if(string.length() == 3) {
            count++;
         }
      }
      return count;
   }

   private static List<String> deleteEmptyStringsUsingJava7(List<String> strings) {
      List<String> filteredList = new ArrayList<String>();

      for(String string: strings) {

         if(!string.isEmpty()) {
             filteredList.add(string);
         }
      }
      return filteredList;
   }

   private static String getMergedStringUsingJava7(List<String> strings, String separator) {
      StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();

      for(String string: strings) {

         if(!string.isEmpty()) {
            stringBuilder.append(string);
            stringBuilder.append(separator);
         }
      }
      String mergedString = stringBuilder.toString();
      return mergedString.substring(0, mergedString.length()-2);
   }

   private static List<Integer> getSquares(List<Integer> numbers) {
      List<Integer> squaresList = new ArrayList<Integer>();

      for(Integer number: numbers) {
         Integer square = new Integer(number.intValue() * number.intValue());

         if(!squaresList.contains(square)) {
            squaresList.add(square);
         }
      }
      return squaresList;
   }

   private static int getMax(List<Integer> numbers) {
      int max = numbers.get(0);

      for(int i = 1;i < numbers.size();i++) {

         Integer number = numbers.get(i);

         if(number.intValue() > max) {
            max = number.intValue();
         }
      }
      return max;
   }

   private static int getMin(List<Integer> numbers) {
      int min = numbers.get(0);

      for(int i= 1;i < numbers.size();i++) {
         Integer number = numbers.get(i);

         if(number.intValue() < min) {
            min = number.intValue();
         }
      }
      return min;
   }

   private static int getSum(List numbers) {
      int sum = (int)(numbers.get(0));

      for(int i = 1;i < numbers.size();i++) {
         sum += (int)numbers.get(i);
      }
      return sum;
   }

   private static int getAverage(List<Integer> numbers) {
      return getSum(numbers) / numbers.size();
   }
}

运行结果如下:

Using Java 7:
List: [abc, , bc, efg, abcd, , jkl]
Empty Strings: 2
Strings of length 3: 3
Filtered List: [abc, bc, efg, abcd, jkl]
Merged String: abc, bc, efg, abcd, jkl
Squares List: [9, 4, 49, 25]
List: [1, 2, 13, 4, 15, 6, 17, 8, 19]
Highest number in List : 19
Lowest number in List : 1
Sum of all numbers : 85
Average of all numbers : 9
Random Numbers:
-1279735475
903418352
-1133928044
-1571118911
628530462
18407523
-881538250
-718932165
270259229
421676854
Using Java 8:
List: [abc, , bc, efg, abcd, , jkl]
Empty Strings: 2
Strings of length 3: 3
Filtered List: [abc, bc, efg, abcd, jkl]
Merged String: abc, bc, efg, abcd, jkl
Squares List: [9, 4, 49, 25]
List: [1, 2, 13, 4, 15, 6, 17, 8, 19]
Highest number in List : 19
Lowest number in List : 1
Sum of all numbers : 85
Average of all numbers : 9.444444444444445
Random Numbers:
-1009474951
-551240647
-2484714
181614550
933444268
1227850416
1579250773
1627454872
1683033687
1798939493
Empty Strings: 2