谷粒商城微服务分布式高级篇十——缓存-SpringCache

SpringCache

概述

Spring 3.1 引入了激动人心的基于注释（annotation）的缓存（cache）技术，它本质上不是一个具体的缓存实现方案（例如 EHCache 或者 OSCache），而是一个对缓存使用的抽象，通过在既有代码中添加少量它定义的各种 annotation，即能够达到缓存方法的返回对象的效果。

Spring 的缓存技术还具备相当的灵活性，不仅能够使用 SpEL（Spring Expression Language）来定义缓存的 key 和各种 condition，还提供开箱即用的缓存临时存储方案，也支持和主流的专业缓存例如 EHCache 集成。

其特点总结如下：

• 通过少量的配置 annotation 注释即可使得既有代码支持缓存
• 支持开箱即用 Out-Of-The-Box，即不用安装和部署额外第三方组件即可使用缓存
• 支持 Spring Express Language，能使用对象的任何属性或者方法来定义缓存的 key 和 condition
• 支持 AspectJ，并通过其实现任何方法的缓存支持
• 支持自定义 key 和自定义缓存管理者，具有相当的灵活性和扩展性

一句话解释Spring Cache: 通过注解的方式，利用AOP的思想来解放缓存的管理。

基本概念

SpringCache

简单示例

创建Spring 项目

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.1.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.demo.cache</groupId>
    <artifactId>cache</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>cache</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>properties</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>java.version</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>1.8<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>java.version</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>properties</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>

<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>dependencies</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>dependency</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
        <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>groupId</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>org.springframework.boot<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>groupId</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
        <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>artifactId</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>spring-boot-starter-cache<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>artifactId</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>dependency</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>

    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>dependency</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
        <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>groupId</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>org.springframework.boot<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>groupId</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
        <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>artifactId</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>spring-boot-starter-test<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>artifactId</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
        <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>scope</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>test<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>scope</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
        <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>exclusions</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
            <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>exclusion</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
                <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>groupId</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>org.junit.vintage<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>groupId</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
                <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>artifactId</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>junit-vintage-engine<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>artifactId</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
            <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>exclusion</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
        <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>exclusions</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>dependency</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>dependencies</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>

<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>build</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>plugins</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
        <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>plugin</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
            <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>groupId</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>org.springframework.boot<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>groupId</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
            <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>artifactId</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>spring-boot-maven-plugin<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>artifactId</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
        <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>plugin</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>plugins</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>build</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>

</project>

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创建书籍模型

public class Book {

private String isbn;
private String title;

public Book(String isbn, String title) {
this.isbn = isbn;
this.title = title;
}

public String getIsbn() {
return isbn;
}

public void setIsbn(String isbn) {
this.isbn = isbn;
}

public String getTitle() {
return title;
}

public void setTitle(String title) {
this.title = title;
}

@Override
public String toString() {
return “Book{” + “isbn=’” + isbn + ‘’’ + “, title=’” + title + ‘’’ + ‘}’;
}

}

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创建书库

public interface BookRepository {

Book getByIsbn(String isbn);

}

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模拟延迟存储库

@Component
public class SimpleBookRepository implements BookRepository {

@Override
public Book getByIsbn(String isbn) {
simulateSlowService();
return new Book(isbn, “Some book”);
}

//simulateSlowService故意在每个getByIsbn中插入三秒钟的延迟。稍后，将通过缓存来加速该示例。
private void simulateSlowService() {
try {
long time = 3000L;
Thread.sleep(time);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
throw new IllegalStateException(e);
}
}

}

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使用书库
CommandLineRunner注入BookRepository并使用不同参数多次调用

@Component
public class AppRunner implements CommandLineRunner {

private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AppRunner.class);

private final BookRepository bookRepository;

public AppRunner(BookRepository bookRepository) {
this.bookRepository = bookRepository;
}

@Override
public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
logger.info("… Fetching books");
logger.info(“isbn-1234 -->” + bookRepository.getByIsbn(“isbn-1234”));
logger.info(“isbn-4567 -->” + bookRepository.getByIsbn(“isbn-4567”));
logger.info(“isbn-1234 -->” + bookRepository.getByIsbn(“isbn-1234”));
logger.info(“isbn-4567 -->” + bookRepository.getByIsbn(“isbn-4567”));
logger.info(“isbn-1234 -->” + bookRepository.getByIsbn(“isbn-1234”));
logger.info(“isbn-1234 -->” + bookRepository.getByIsbn(“isbn-1234”));
}

}

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此时尝试运行该应用程序，则即使您多次检索完全相同的书，也是非常的慢。以下示例输出显示了我们的（故意延迟）代码创建的三秒延迟：

接下来给获取书方法加上缓存@Cacheable

@Component
public class SimpleBookRepository implements BookRepository {

@Override
@Cacheable(“books”)
public Book getByIsbn(String isbn) {
simulateSlowService();
return new Book(isbn, “Some book”);
}

// simulateSlowService故意在每个getByIsbn中插入三秒钟的延迟。稍后，您将通过缓存来加速该示例。
private void simulateSlowService() {
try {
long time = 3000L;
Thread.sleep(time);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
throw new IllegalStateException(e);
}
}

}

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第二步给启动类加上注解@EnableCaching开启缓存

@SpringBootApplication
//@EnableCaching注释触发后处理器检查每个的Spring bean的公共方法缓存注释的存在。如果找到了这样的注释，则会自动创建一个代理来拦截方法调用并相应地处理缓存行为。
@EnableCaching
public class CacheApplication {
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> args<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
	SpringApplication<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">run</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>CacheApplication<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> args<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

}

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启动服务发现第一次检索书仍然需要三秒钟。但是，同一本书的第二次和后续时间要快得多，这表明缓存正在完成其工作。

恭喜你！您刚刚在Spring托管的bean上启用了缓存。

注解

@Cacheable 的作用

• 主要针对方法配置，能够根据方法的请求参数对其结果进行缓存

@Cacheable 主要的参数

• value 缓存的名称，在 spring 配置文件中定义，必须指定至少一个 例如：
  @Cacheable(value=”mycache”) 或者@Cacheable(value={”cache1”,”cache2”}

• key 缓存的 key，可以为空，如果指定要按照 SpEL 表达式编写，如果不指定，则缺省按照方法的所有参数进行组合 例如：@Cacheable(value=”testcache”,key=”#userName”)

• condition 缓存的条件，可以为空，使用 SpEL 编写，返回 true 或者 false，只有为 true 才进行缓存 例如：@Cacheable(value=”testcache”,condition=”#userName.length()>2”)

@CachePut 的作用

• 主要针对方法配置，能够根据方法的请求参数对其结果进行缓存，和 @Cacheable 不同的是，它每次都会触发真实方法的调用

@CachePut 主要的参数

• value 缓存的名称，在 spring 配置文件中定义，必须指定至少一个 例如：
  @Cacheable(value=”mycache”) 或者@Cacheable(value={”cache1”,”cache2”}

• key 缓存的 key，可以为空，如果指定要按照 SpEL 表达式编写，如果不指定，则缺省按照方法的所有参数进行组合 例如：@Cacheable(value=”testcache”,key=”#userName”)

• condition 缓存的条件，可以为空，使用 SpEL 编写，返回 true 或者 false，只有为 true 才进行缓存 例如：@Cacheable(value=”testcache”,condition=”#userName.length()>2”)

@CachEvict 的作用

• 主要针对方法配置，能够根据一定的条件对缓存进行清空（修改数据后对缓存删除）

@CacheEvict 主要的参数

• value 缓存的名称，在 spring 配置文件中定义，必须指定至少一个 例如：
  @CachEvict(value=”mycache”) 或者@CachEvict(value={”cache1”,”cache2”}

• key 缓存的 key，可以为空，如果指定要按照 SpEL 表达式编写，如果不指定，则缺省按照方法的所有参数进行组合 例如：@CachEvict(value=”testcache”,key=”#userName”)

• condition 缓存的条件，可以为空，使用 SpEL 编写，返回 true 或者 false，只有为 true 才清空缓存 例如：@CachEvict(value=”testcache”,condition=”#userName.length()>2”)

• allEntries 是否清空所有缓存内容，缺省为 false，如果指定为 true，则方法调用后将立即清空所有缓存 例如：@CachEvict(value=”testcache”,allEntries=true)

• beforeInvocation 是否在方法执行前就清空，缺省为 false，如果指定为 true，则在方法还没有执行的时候就清空缓存，缺省情况下，如果方法执行抛出异常，则不会清空缓存

@Caching

• @Caching注解可以让我们在一个方法或者类上同时指定多个Spring Cache相关的注解。其拥有三个属性：cacheable、put和evict，分别用于指定@Cacheable、@CachePut和@CacheEvict。
  

基本原理

和 spring 的事务管理类似，spring cache 的关键原理就是 spring AOP，通过 spring AOP，其实现了在方法调用前、调用后获取方法的入参和返回值，进而实现了缓存的逻辑。我们来看一下下面这个图：

上图显示，当客户端“Calling code”调用一个普通类 Plain Object 的 foo() 方法的时候，是直接作用在 pojo 类自身对象上的，客户端拥有的是被调用者的直接的引用。

而 Spring cache 利用了 Spring AOP 的动态代理技术，即当客户端尝试调用 pojo 的 foo（）方法的时候，给他的不是 pojo 自身的引用，而是一个动态生成的代理类

如上图所示，这个时候，实际客户端拥有的是一个代理的引用，那么在调用 foo() 方法的时候，会首先调用 proxy 的 foo() 方法，这个时候 proxy 可以整体控制实际的 pojo.foo() 方法的入参和返回值，比如缓存结果，比如直接略过执行实际的 foo() 方法等，都是可以轻松做到的。

整合SpringCache简化缓存开发

1)、引入依赖

	<dependency>
	   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
	   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactId>
	</dependency>
	<dependency>
	   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
	   <artifactId> spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
	</dependency>

 
 

 
 
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2)、写配置

• 自动配置了哪些

CacheAuroConfiguration会导入RedisCacheConfiguration;自动配好了缓存管理器RedisCacheManager

• 配置使用redis作为缓存

spring.cache.type=redis

3)、启动类加注解打开缓存

@EnableCaching

4)、方法加注解 @Cacheable(“categorys”)

    /**
     * 查询所有一级分类
     *
     * @return
     */
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Cacheable</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"categorys"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> List<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>CategoryEntity<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> <span class="token function">getLevel1Categorys</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"查询所有一级分类"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    List<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>CategoryEntity<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span> categoryEntities <span class="token operator">=</span> baseMapper<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">selectList</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">QueryWrapper</span><span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>CategoryEntity<span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">eq</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"parent_cid"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token keyword">return</span> categoryEntities<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

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• 每一个需要缓存的数据我们都来指定要放到那个名字的缓存.【缓存的分区(按照业务类型分)】
• @Cacheable(“categorys”)
• 代表当前方法的结果需要缓存,如果缓存中有,方法不用调用.
• 如果缓存中没有,会调用方法，最后务方法的结果放入缓存

默认行为

• 如果缓存中有,方法不用调用
• key默认自动生成,缓存的名字:SimpleKey[] (自主生成的key值)
• 缓存的value值,默认使用jdk序列化机制,将序列化后的数据存到redis
• 默认ttL时间 -1

5）、生成的缓存

自定义

• 指定生成的缓存使用的key

@Cacheable(value = “categorys”, key = “#root.method.name”)

• 指定缓存的数据的存活时间
  配置文件中修改ttl，单位为毫秒

  spring.cache.redis.time-to-live=3600000

• 将数据保存为json格式

需要修改缓存管理器，spring cache缓存管理器原理：
CacheAutoConfiguration缓存配置类会导入RedisCacheConfiguration；
RedisCacheConfiguration自动配置了RedisdCacheManager；
RedisCacheConfiguration初始化所有的缓存；
每个缓存决定使用什么配置；
如果redisCacheConfiguration有就用已有的,没有就用默认配置；
想改缓存的配置,只需要给容器中放一个RedisCacheConfiguration即可，就会应用到当前RedisCacheManager管理的所有缓存中；

编写MyCacheConfig 注入容器

@EnableConfigurationProperties(CacheProperties.class)
@EnableCaching
@Configuration
public class MyCacheConfig {

// @Autowired
// CacheProperties properties;

<span class="token comment">//1、原来和配置文件绑定的配置类是这样子的</span>
<span class="token comment">//@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.cache")</span>
<span class="token comment">//public class CachePropertiesT</span>
<span class="token comment">//2、要让他生效</span>
<span class="token comment">//@EnableConfigurationProperties(CacheProperties.class)</span>

<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Bean</span>
RedisCacheConfiguration <span class="token function">redisCacheConfiguration</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>CacheProperties cacheProperties<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>

    RedisCacheConfiguration config <span class="token operator">=</span> RedisCacheConfiguration<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">defaultCacheConfig</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

   config <span class="token operator">=</span> config<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serializeKeysWith</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>RedisSerializationContext<span class="token punctuation">.</span>SerializationPair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSerializer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">StringRedisSerializer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
   config <span class="token operator">=</span>  config<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">serializeValuesWith</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>RedisSerializationContext<span class="token punctuation">.</span>SerializationPair<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromSerializer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">GenericFastJsonRedisSerializer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token comment">//将配置文件中的配置生效</span>
    CacheProperties<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Redis redisProperties <span class="token operator">=</span> cacheProperties<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getRedis</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>redisProperties<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getTimeToLive</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> null<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        config <span class="token operator">=</span> config<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">entryTtl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>redisProperties<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getTimeToLive</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>redisProperties<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getKeyPrefix</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> null<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        config <span class="token operator">=</span> config<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">prefixKeysWith</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>redisProperties<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getKeyPrefix</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span>redisProperties<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">isCacheNullValues</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        config <span class="token operator">=</span> config<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">disableCachingNullValues</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span>redisProperties<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">isUseKeyPrefix</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        config <span class="token operator">=</span> config<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">disableKeyPrefix</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token keyword">return</span> config<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

}

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application.properties

spring.cache.type=redis
spring.cache.redis.time-to-live=3600000
#如果指定了前缀就用我们指定的前缀,如果没有就默认使用缓存的名字作为前缀
spring.cache.redis.key-prefix=CACHE_
#是否开启key前缀
spring.cache.redis.use-key-prefix=true
#是否缓存空值。防止缓存穿透
spring.cache.redis.cache-null-values=true

 
 

 
 
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ok

总结

Spirng-Cache的不足
1）读模式：

• 缓存穿透：查询一个null数据。解决：缓存空数据：cache-null-values=true
• 缓存击穿：大量并发进来同时查询一个正好过期的数据。解决：加锁，默认无锁，sync=true
• 缓存雪崩：大量的key同时过期。解决：加随机时间。加上过期时间 spring.cache.redis.time-to-live=3600000

2）写模式：（缓存与数据库一致）

• 1：写入加锁
• 2：引入canal，感受到mysql的变化
• 3：读多写多，直接去数据库查询就行

常规数据（读多写少，即时性，一致性要求不高的数据，完全可以使用spring-cache）
特殊数据：特殊设计

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