Rails源码研究之ActionController:二，routing

满城尽带黄金甲，源码尽在routing.rb:
[code]
module ActionController
module Routing

class Route
attr_accessor :segments, :requirements, :conditions
end

class RouteBuilder
def build(path, options)
path = "/#{path}" unless path[0] == ?/
path = "#{path}/" unless path[-1] == ?/
segments = segments_for_route_path(path)
defaults, requirements, conditions = divide_route_options(segments, options)
requirements = assign_route_options(segments, defaults, requirements)
route = Route.new
route.segments = segments
route.requirements = requirements
route.conditions = conditions
if !route.significant_keys.include?(:action) && !route.requirements[:action]
route.requirements[:action] = "index"
route.significant_keys << :action
end
if !route.significant_keys.include?(:controller)
raise ArgumentError, "Illegal route: the :controller must be specified!"
end
route
end
end

class RouteSet

class Mapper
def initialize(set)
@set = set
end
def connect(path, options = {})
@set.add_route(path, options)
end
def root(*args, &proc)
super unless args.length >= 1 && proc.nil?
@set.add_named_route("root", *args)
end
def method_missing(route_name, *args, &proc)
super unless args.length >= 1 && proc.nil?
@set.add_named_route(route_name, *args)
end
end

class NamedRouteCollection
include Enumerable
attr_reader :routes, :helpers
def initialize
clear!
end
def clear!
@routes = {}
@helpers = []
@module ||= Module.new
@module.instance_methods.each do |selector|
@module.send :remove_method, selector
end
end
def add(name, route)
routes[name.to_sym] = route
define_named_route_methods(name, route)
end
def install(destinations = [ActionController::Base, ActionView::Base])
Array(destinations).each { |dest| dest.send :include, @module }
end
private
def define_named_route_methods(name, route)
{:url => {:only_path => false}, :path => {:only_path => true}}.each do |kind, opts|
hash = route.defaults.merge(:use_route => name).merge(opts)
define_hash_access route, name, kind, hash
define_url_helper route, name, kind, hash
end
end
def define_url_helper(route, name, kind, options)
selector = url_helper_name(name, kind)
segment_keys = route.segments.collect do |segment|
segment.key if segment.respond_to? :key
end.compact
hash_access_method = hash_access_name(name, kind)
@module.send :module_eval, <<-end_eval
def #{selector}(*args)
opts = if args.empty? || Hash === args.first
args.first || {}
else
args.zip(#{segment_keys.inspect}).inject({}) do |h, (v, k)|
h[k] = v
h
end
end
url_for(#{hash_access_method}(opts))
end
end_eval
@module.send(:protected, selector)
helpers << selector
end
def url_helper_name(name, kind = :url)
:"#{name}_#{kind}"
end
end

attr_accessor :routes, :named_routes

def initialize
self.routes = []
self.named_routes = NamedRouteCollection.new
end

def builder
@builder ||= RouteBuilder.new
end

def draw
clear!
yield Mapper.new(self)
named_routes.install
end

def clear!
routes.clear
named_routes.clear
@combined_regexp = nil
@routes_by_controller = nil
end

def add_route(path, options = {})
route = builder.build(path, options)
routes << route
route
end

def add_named_route(name, path, options = {})
named_routes[name] = add_route(path, options)
end

end

Routes = RouteSet.new
end
end
[/code]

该文件就是大名鼎鼎的RAILS_ROOT/config/routes.rb文件里的程序逻辑的源代码出处
让我们看看ActionController::Routing::Routes.draw do |map|到底是怎样工作的:
1) Routes = RouteSet.new，draw方法当然也是调用的RouteSet对象的draw方法
2) draw方法则yield Mapper.new(self)，即RouteSet将方法调用继续传递给它的内部类Mapper
3) Mapper类定义了两个方法: connect和method_missing
connect就是我们在传说中的routes.rb文件中用来定义URL routing的map.connect
method_missing则调用了@set.add_named_route，即RouteSet类的add_named_route方法
4)RouteSet定义了routes和named_routes这两个实例变量，分别用来存放connect route和named_route
5)add_named_route方法中调用了add_route方法中的RouteBuilder.build方法来构造一个route
而NamedRouteCollection定义了add方法，其中调用了define_named_route_methods -> define_url_helper
其中定义了#{route_name}_url和#{route_name}_path方法，而且使用了UrlWriter模块的url_for方法

我们还要注意几点:
1，routes有priority，routes.rb文件里从上到下routing规则的priority为从高到低
2，map.root方法在Rails 2.0中用来作为map.connect ''的shortcut，实际上是@set.add_named_route("root", *args)，我们可以使用root_url和root_path方法
3，将*path这种route rule放在routes.rb文件的最后，用来做Route globbing，即前面的routes规则都没匹配时，使用该规则来匹配，如:
[code]
map.wildcard "*wildcard", :controller => "website", :action => "not_found"
[/code]