Rails宝典之第六十式: 不用fixtures的测试

严重依赖fixtures的测试会变得十分脆弱，并且很难维护。
让我们来看看怎样写不使用fixtures的测试。

看cart/line_item的例子:
[code]
class Cart < ActiveRecord::Base
has_many :line_items

def total_weight
line_items.to_s.sum(&:weight)
end
end

class LineItem < ActiveRecord::Base
belongs_to :cart
belongs_to :product
belongs_to :delivery_method

def weight
if delivery_method.shipping?
product.weight*quantity
else
0
end
end
end
[/code]

对简单的字段数据我们可以通过使用ActiveRecord生成的build_xxx方法给字段赋值来测试:
[code]
class LineItemTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
def test_should_have_zero_for_weight_when_not_shipping
line_item = LineItem.new
line_item.build_delivery_method(:shipping => false)
assert_equal 0, line_item.weight
end

def test_should_have_weight_of_product_times_quantity_when_shipping
line_item = LineItem.new(:quantity => 3)
line_item.build_delivery_method(:shipping => true)
line_item.build_product(:weight => 5)
assert equal 15, line_item.weight
end
end
[/code]
但是我们考虑下面的测试:
[code]
class CartTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
fixtures :carts, :line_items, :delivery_methods, :products

def test_total_weight
assert_equal 10, carts(:primary).total_weight
end
end
[/code]
这里我们手动准备cart/line_item数据会非常麻烦，而且total_weight依赖于line_item.weight方法，而weight方法已经测试过了
为了减少麻烦，我们可以使用mock方式来简化测试而不需要fixtures

我们需要先安装mocha
[code]
sudo gem install mocha
[/code]
然后在test_helper.rb里require mocha:
[code]
require File.expand_path(File.dirname(__FILE__) + "/../config/environment")
require 'test_help'
require 'mocha'
[/code]
我们这样使用mocha来写CartTest:
[code]
require File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/../test_helper'

class CartTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
def test_total_weight_should_be_sum_of_line_item_weights
cart = Cart.new
cart.line_items.build.stubs(:weight).returns(7)
cart.line_items.build.stubs(:weight).returns(3)
assert_equal 10, cart.total_weight
end
end
[/code]
由于前面已经测过了weight方法，这里使用stubs模拟weight方法的返回值，将测试逻辑专注于total_weight方法