MySQL存储程序入门指南

1，前提
需要MySQL 5

2，Hello World
[url=http://hideto.iteye.com/blog/188461]MySQL存储过程之Hello World[/url]
[code]
DELIMITER $$

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS HelloWorld$$
CREATE PROCEDURE HelloWorld()
BEGIN
SELECT "Hello World!";
END$$

DELIMITER ;
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3，变量
使用[b]DECLARE[/b]来声明，[b]DEFAULT[/b]赋默认值，[b]SET[/b]赋值
[code]
DECLARE counter INT DEFAULT 0;
SET counter = counter+1;
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4，参数
[b]IN[/b]为默认类型，值必须在调用时指定，值不能返回（值传递）
[b]OUT[/b]值可以返回（指针传递）
[b]INOUT[/b]值必须在调用时指定，值可以返回
[code]
CREATE PROCEDURE test(a INT, OUT b FLOAT, INOUT c INT)
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5，条件判断
[b]IF THEN[/b]、[b]ELSEIF[/b]、[b]ELSE[/b]、[b]END IF[/b]
[code]
DELIMITER $$

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS discounted_price$$
CREATE PROCEDURE discunted_price(normal_price NUMERIC(8, 2), OUT discount_price NUMERIC(8, 2))
BEGIN
IF (normal_price > 500) THEN
SET discount_price = normal_price * .8;
ELSEIF (normal_price > 100) THEN
SET discount_price = normal_price * .9;
ELSE
SET discount_price = normal_price;
END IF;
END$$

DELIMITER ;
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6，循环
[b]LOOP[/b]、[b]END LOOP[/b]
[code]
DELIMITER $$

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS simple_loop$$

CREATE PROCEDURE simple_loop(OUT counter INT)
BEGIN
SET counter = 0;
my_simple_loop: LOOP
SET counter = counter+1;
IF counter = 10 THEN
LEAVE my_simple_loop;
END IF;
END LOOP my_simple_loop;
END$$

DELIMITER ;
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[b]WHILE DO[/b]、[b]END WHILE[/b]
[code]
DELIMITER $$

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS simple_while$$

CREATE PROCEDURE simple_while(OUT counter INT)
BEGIN
SET counter = 0;
WHILE counter != 10 DO
SET counter = counter+1;
END WHILE;
END$$

DELIMITER ;
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[b]REPEAT[/b]、[b]UNTILL[/b]
[code]
DELIMITER $$

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS simple_repeat$$

CREATE PROCEDURE simple_repeat(OUT counter INT)
BEGIN
SET counter = 0;
REPEAT
SET counter = counter+1;
UNTIL counter = 10 END REPEAT;
END$$

DELIMITER ;
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7，异常处理
如果用cursor获取SELECT语句返回的所有结果集时应该定义NOT FOUND error handler来防止存储程序提前终结
如果SQL语句可能返回constraint violation等错误时应该创建一个handler来防止程序终结

8，数据库交互
[b]INTO[/b]用于存储单行记录的查询结果
[code]
DECLARE total_sales NUMERIC(8, 2);
SELECT SUM(sale_value) INTO total_sales FROM sales WHERE customer_id=in_customer_id;
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[b]CURSOR[/b]用于处理多行记录的查询结果
[code]
DELIMITER $$

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXITS cursor_example$$
CREATE PROCEDURE cursor_example()
READS SQL DATA
BEGIN
DECLARE l_employee_id INT;
DECLARE l_salary NUMERIC(8,2);
DECLARE l_department_id INT;
DECLARE done INT DEFAULT 0;
DECLARE cur1 CURSOR FOR SELECT employee_id, salary, department_id FROM employees;
DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done=1;

OPEN cur1;
emp_loop: LOOP
FETCH cur1 INTO l_employee_id, l_salary, l_department_id;
IF done=1 THEN
LEAVE emp_loop;
END IF;
END LOOP emp_loop;
CLOSE cur1;
END$$
DELIMITER ;
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[b]unbounded SELECT语句[/b]用于存储过程返回结果集
[code]
DELIMITER $$
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS sp_emps_in_dept$$
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_emps_in_dept(in_employee_id INT)
BEGIN
SELECT employee_id, surname, firstname, address1, address2, zipcode, date_of_birth FROM employees WHERE department_id=in_employee_id;
END$$

DELIMITER ;
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UPDATE、INSERT、DELETE、CREATE TABLE等[b]非查询语句[/b]也可以嵌入存储过程里
[code]
DELIMITER $$

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXITS sp_update_salary$$
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_update_salary(in_employee_id INT, in_new_salary NUMERIC(8,2))
BEGIN
IF in_new_salary < 5000 OR in_new_salary > 500000 THEN
SELECT "Illegal salary: salary must be between $5000 and $500, 000";
ELSE
UPDATE employees SET salary=in_new_salary WHERE employee_id=in_employee_id;
END IF:
END$$

DELIMITER ;
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9，使用[b]CALL[/b]调用存储程序
[code]
DELIMITER $$

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS call_example$$
CREATE PROCEDURE call_example(employee_id INT, employee_type VARCHAR(20))
NO SQL
BEGIN
DECLARE l_bonus_amount NUMERIC(8,2);

IF employee_type='MANAGER' THEN
CALL calc_manager_bonus(employee_id, l_bonus_amount);
ELSE
CALL calc_minion_bonus(employee_id, l_bonus_amount);
END IF;
CALL grant_bonus(employee_id, l_bonus_amount);
END$$
DELIMITER ;
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10，一个复杂的例子
[code]
CREATE PROCEDURE putting_it_all_together(in_department_id INT)
MODIFIES SQL DATA
BEGIN
DECLARE l_employee_id INT;
DECLARE l_salary NUMERIC(8,2);
DECLARE l_department_id INT;
DECLARE l_new_salary NUMERIC(8,2);
DECLARE done INT DEFAULT 0;

DECLARE cur1 CURSOR FOR
SELECT employee_id, salary, department_id
FROM employees
WHERE department_id=in_department_id;

DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done=1;

CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE IF NOT EXISTS emp_raises
(employee_id INT, department_id INT, new_salary NUMERIC(8,2));

OPEN cur1;
emp_loop: LOOP
FETCH cur1 INTO l_employee_id, l_salary, l_department_id;
IF done=1 THEN /* No more rows */
LEAVE emp_loop;
END IF;
CALL new_salary(1_employee_id, l_new_salary); /* Get new salary */
IF (l_new_salary <> l_salary) THEN /* Salary changed */
UPDATE employees
SET salary=l_new_salary
WHERE employee_id=l_employee_id;
/* Keep track of changed salaries */
INSERT INTO emp_raises(employee_id, department_id, new_salary)
VALUES (l_employee_id, l_department_id, l_new_salary);
END IF:
END LOOP emp_loop;
CLOSE cur1;
/* Print out the changed salaries */
SELECT employee_id, department_id, new_salary from emp_raises
ORDER BY employee_id;
END;
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11，存储方法
存储方法与存储过程的区别
1，存储方法的参数列表只允许IN类型的参数，而且没必要也不允许指定IN关键字
2，存储方法返回一个单一的值，值的类型在存储方法的头部定义
3，存储方法可以在SQL语句内部调用
4，存储方法不能返回结果集
语法：
[code]
CREATE
[DEFINER = { user | CURRENT_USER }]
PROCEDURE sp_name ([proc_parameter[,...]])
[characteristic ...] routine_body

CREATE
[DEFINER = { user | CURRENT_USER }]
FUNCTION sp_name ([func_parameter[,...]])
RETURNS type
[characteristic ...] routine_body

proc_parameter:
[ IN | OUT | INOUT ] param_name type

func_parameter:
param_name type

type:
Any valid MySQL data type

characteristic:
LANGUAGE SQL
| [NOT] DETERMINISTIC
| { CONTAINS SQL | NO SQL | READS SQL DATA | MODIFIES SQL DATA }
| SQL SECURITY { DEFINER | INVOKER }
| COMMENT 'string'

routine_body:
Valid SQL procedure statement
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各参数说明见[url=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/create-procedure.html]CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION Syntax[/url]
例子：
[code]
DELIMITER $$

DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS f_discount_price$$
CREATE FUNCTION f_discount_price
(normal_price NUMERIC(8,2))
RETURNS NUMERIC(8,2)
DETERMINISTIC
BEGIN
DECLARE discount_price NUMERIC(8,2);

IF (normal_price > 500) THEN
SET discount_price = normal_price * .8;
ELSEIF (normal_price >100) THEN
SET discount_price = normal_price * .9;
ELSE
SET discount_price = normal_price;
END IF;

RETURN(discount_price);
END$$

DELIMITER ;
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12，触发器
触发器在INSERT、UPDATE或DELETE等DML语句修改数据库表时触发
触发器的典型应用场景是重要的业务逻辑、提高性能、监控表的修改等
触发器可以在DML语句执行前或后触发
[code]
DELIMITER $$

DROP TRIGGER sales_trigger$$
CREATE TRIGGER sales_trigger
BEFORE INSERT ON sales
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
IF NEW.sale_value > 500 THEN
SET NEW.free_shipping = 'Y';
ELSE
SET NEW.free_shipping = 'N';
END IF;

IF NEW.sale_value > 1000 THEN
SET NEW.discount = NEW.sale_value * .15;
ELSE
SET NEW.discount = 0;
END IF;
END$$

DELIMITER ;
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