C++中运算符详解

             运算符 - 用于执行代码的运算

一、算术运算符

作用：用于处理四则运算

运算符	术语	示例	结果
+	正号	+3	3
-	负号	-3	3
+	加	10 + 5	15
-	减	10 - 5	5
*	乘	10 * 5	50
/	除	10 / 5	2
%	取模（取余）	10 % 5	1
++	前置递增	a=2; b=++a	a=3;b=3
++	后置递增	a=2; b=a++	a=3; b=2
--	前置递减	a=2; b=--a	a=1; b=1
--	后置递减	a=2; b=a--	a=1; b=2

1.加减乘除

int main()
{

	int a = 10;
	int b = 3;

	cout << a + b << endl;
	cout << a - b << endl;
	cout << a * b << endl;
	cout << a / b << endl;   //两个整数相除，结果依然是整数，将小数部分去掉

	int a3 = 10;
	int b3 = 0;
	//cout << a3 / b3 << end1;    //错误!两个数相除，除数是不可以为0的

	//两个小数可以相除
	double dl = 0.5;
	double d2 = 0.22;
	cout << dl / d2 << endl;   //运算的结果也可以是小数

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

2.取模运算 - %

int main()
{
	//取模运算本质 就是求余数
	int a = 10;
	int b = 3;
	cout << a % b << endl;    //1

	int a1 = 10;
	int b1 = 20;
	cout << a1 % b1 << endl;  //10

	int a2 = 10;
	int b2 = 0;
	cout << a2 % b2 << endl;  //两个数相除除数不可以为0，所以也做不了取模运算

	//两个小数是不可以做取模运算的
	//double d1 = 3.14;
	//double d2 = 1.1;
	//cout << d1 % d2 << endl;

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

3.递增递减

int main()
{
	//(1)前置递增
	int a = 10;
	++a;  //让变量进行+1
	cout << "a = " << a << endl;

	//(2)后置递增
	int b = 10;
	b++;  //让变量进行+1
	cout << "b = " << b << endl;

	//(3)前置和后置的区别
	//前置递增：先让变量 + 1，然后进行表达式运算
	int a1 = 10;
	int b1 = ++a1 * 10;
	cout << "a1 = " << a1 << endl;   //11
	cout << "b1 = " << b1 << endl;   //110

	//后置递增：先进行表达式运算，后让变量 + 1
	int a2 = 10;
	int b2 = a2++ * 10;
	cout << "a2 = " << a2 << endl;   //11
	cout << "b2 = " << b2 << endl;   //100

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

二、赋值运算符

作用：用于将表达式的值赋给变量

运算符	术语	示例	结果
=	赋值	a=2; b=3	a=2; b=3
+=	加等于	a=0; a+=2	a=2
-=	减等于	a=5; a-=3	a=2
*=	乘等于	a=2; a*=2	a=4
/=	除等于	a=4; a/=2	a=2
%=	模等于	a=3; a%2	a=1

int main()
{
	//=
	int a = 10;
	a = 100;
	cout << "a = " << a << endl;

	//+=
	a = 10;
	a += 2;   //a = a + 2
	cout << "a = " << a << endl;

	//-=
	a = 10;
	a -= 2;   //a = a - 2
	cout << "a = " << a << endl;

	//*=
	a = 10;
	a *= 2;   //a = a * 2
	cout << "a = " << a << endl;

	// /=
	a = 10;
	a /= 2;   //a = a / 2
	cout << "a = " << a << endl;

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

三、比较运算符

作用：用于表达式的比较，并返回一个真值或假值

运算符	术语	示例	结果
==	相等于	4 == 3	0
!=	不等于	4 != 3	1
<	小于	4 < 3	0
>	大于	4 > 3	1
<=	小于等于	4 <= 3	0
>=	大于等于	4 >=1	1

int main()
{
	// ==
	int a = 10;
	int b = 20;
	cout << (a == b) << endl;  //0

	// !=
	int a1 = 10;
	int b1 = 20;
	cout << (a1 != b1) << endl;  //1

	// >
	int a2 = 10;
	int b2 = 20;
	cout << (a2 > b2) << endl;  //0

	// <
	int a3 = 10;
	int b3 = 20;
	cout << (a3 < b3) << endl;  //1

	// >=
	int a4 = 10;
	int b4 = 20;
	cout << (a4 >= b4) << endl;  //0

	// <=
	int a5 = 10;
	int b5 = 20;
	cout << (a5 <= b5) << endl;  //1

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

四、逻辑运算符

作用：用于根据表达式的值返回真值或假值

逻辑运算符有以下符号：

运算符	术语	示例	结果
!	非	!a	如果a为假，则!a为真; 如果a为真，则!a为假
&&	与	a && b	如果a和b都为真，则结果为真，否则为假
||	或	a || b	如果a和b有一个为真，则结果为真，二者都为假时，结果为假

1.逻辑非 

int main()
{
	int a = 10;
	cout << !a << endl;   //0

	cout << !!a << endl;  //1

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

2.逻辑与

int main()
{
	int a = 10;
	int b = 10;
	cout << (a && b) << endl;  //1

	int a1 = 0;
	int b1 = 10;
	cout << (a1 && b1) << endl;  //0

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

总结：同真为真，其余为假

3.逻辑或

int main()
{
	int a = 10;
	int b = 10;
	cout << (a || b) << endl;  //1

	int a1 = 0;
	int b1 = 10;
	cout << (a1 || b1) << endl;  //1

	int a2 = 0;
	int b2 = 0;
	cout << (a2 || b2) << endl;  //0

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

总结：同假为假，其他为真