Java IO推荐用法

From http://commons.apache.org/io/bestpractices.html:

1) 推荐使用java.io.File

Often, you have to deal with files and filenames. There are many things that can go wrong:

• A class works in Unix but doesn't on Windows (or vice versa)
• Invalid filenames due to double or missing path separators
• UNC filenames (on Windows) don't work with my home-grown filename utility function
• etc. etc.

相对于下面这个例子:

 public static String getExtension(String filename) {
   int index = filename.lastIndexOf('.');
   if (index == -1) {
     return "";
   } else {
     return filename.substring(index + 1);
   }
 }

使用java.io.File显然更好:

Instead of:

 String tmpdir = "/var/tmp";
 String tmpfile = tmpdir + System.getProperty("file.separator") + "test.tmp";
 InputStream in = new java.io.FileInputStream(tmpfile);

...write:

 File tmpdir = new File("/var/tmp");
 File tmpfile = new File(tmpdir, "test.tmp");
 InputStream in = new java.io.FileInputStream(tmpfile);

2) Buffering streams

IO performance depends a lot from the buffering strategy. Usually, it's quite fast to read packets with the size of 512 or 1024 bytes because these sizes match well with the packet sizes used on harddisks in file systems or file system caches. But as soon as you have to read only a few bytes and that many times performance drops significantly.

Make sure you're properly buffering streams when reading or writing streams, especially when working with files. Just decorate your FileInputStream with a BufferedInputStream:

 InputStream in = new java.io.FileInputStream(myfile);
 try {
   in = new java.io.BufferedInputStream(in);
   
   in.read(.....
 } finally {
   IOUtils.closeQuietly(in);
 }

但是要注意, 不要buffering buffered stream: Pay attention that you're not buffering an already buffered stream. Some components like XML parsers may do their own buffering so decorating the InputStream you pass to the XML parser does nothing but slowing down your code. If you use our CopyUtils or IOUtils you don't need to additionally buffer the streams you use as the code in there already buffers the copy process. Always check the Javadocs for information. Another case where buffering is unnecessary is when you write to a ByteArrayOutputStream since you're writing to memory only.