Ubuntu18.04 安装mysqlclient失败问题解决方法。（Collecting mysqlclient error: subprocess-exited-with-error）

        在使用python-django连接数据库的时候，需要安装数据库的相关模块。我在安装mysqlclient的时候出现了error: subprocess-exited-with-error问题，记录以下问题的解决方式。

首次安装出现的报错信息以及解决方法。

# 首次安装出现的报错信息
/etc/mysql$ python3 -m pip install mysqlclient
Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages is not writeable
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
Collecting mysqlclient
  Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/de/9c/b176826e8994551ce826404dab97e305a4bb76c8b0a4e016fabda2901c71/mysqlclient-2.2.0.tar.gz (89 kB)
     ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 89.5/89.5 kB 695.7 kB/s eta 0:00:00
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error
  
  × Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [24 lines of output]
      /bin/sh: 1: pkg-config: not found
      /bin/sh: 1: pkg-config: not found
      Trying pkg-config --exists mysqlclient
      Command 'pkg-config --exists mysqlclient' returned non-zero exit status 127.
      Trying pkg-config --exists mariadb
      Command 'pkg-config --exists mariadb' returned non-zero exit status 127.
      Traceback (most recent call last):
        File "/home/hejian/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 353, in <module>
          main()
        File "/home/hejian/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 335, in main
          json_out['return_val'] = hook(**hook_input['kwargs'])
        File "/home/hejian/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 118, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
          return hook(config_settings)
        File "/tmp/pip-build-env-8wa2gzdk/overlay/lib/python3.8/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 355, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
          return self._get_build_requires(config_settings, requirements=['wheel'])
        File "/tmp/pip-build-env-8wa2gzdk/overlay/lib/python3.8/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 325, in _get_build_requires
          self.run_setup()
        File "/tmp/pip-build-env-8wa2gzdk/overlay/lib/python3.8/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 341, in run_setup
          exec(code, locals())
        File "<string>", line 154, in <module>
        File "<string>", line 48, in get_config_posix
        File "<string>", line 27, in find_package_name
      Exception: Can not find valid pkg-config name.
      Specify MYSQLCLIENT_CFLAGS and MYSQLCLIENT_LDFLAGS env vars manually
      [end of output]
  
  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: subprocess-exited-with-error

× Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> See above for output.

note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.

解决方法：

sudo apt-get install pkg-config
sudo apt-get install mysql-client
sudo apt-get install libmariadb-dev-compat
sudo apt-get install libmariadbclient-dev
sudo apt-get install python3-dev

再次安装出现的报错信息以及解决方法：现在能bulid和install一些东西了， 但是还会出错。因为报错信息中有“src/MySQLdb/_mysql.c:46:10: fatal error: Python.h: 没有那个文件或目录”，所以一直安装写在python3-dev这个工具。到最后是需要安装自己python对应版本的python3.8-dev。坑死了。。。。

报错信息“src/MySQLdb/_mysql.c:46:10: fatal error: Python.h:” 没有那个文件或目录。

# 需要安装自己python对应版本工具
sudo apt-get install python3.8-dev