更改ORACLE数据库字符集

select * from V$nls_parameters;

PARAMETER                 VALUE
------------------------- ------------------------------
NLS_LANGUAGE              SIMPLIFIED CHINESE
NLS_TERRITORY             CHINA
NLS_CURRENCY              ￥
NLS_ISO_CURRENCY          CHINA
NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS    .,
NLS_CALENDAR              GREGORIAN
NLS_DATE_FORMAT           yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS
NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE         SIMPLIFIED CHINESE
NLS_CHARACTERSET          ZHS16GBK
NLS_SORT                  BINARY
NLS_TIME_FORMAT           HH.MI.SSXFF AM
NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT      DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM
NLS_TIME_TZ_FORMAT        HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR
NLS_TIMESTAMP_TZ_FORMAT   DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR
NLS_DUAL_CURRENCY         ￥
NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET    AL16UTF16
NLS_COMP                  BINARY
NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS      BYTE
NLS_NCHAR_CONV_EXCP       FALSE

更改步骤：

　  SQL>STARTUP MOUNT;

　　SQL>ALTER SYSTEM ENABLE RESTRICTED SESSION;

　　SQL>ALTER SYSTEM SET JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES=0;

　　SQL>ALTER SYSTEM SET AQ_TM_PROCESSES=0;

　　SQL>ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

　　SQL>ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET INTERNAL_USE ZHS16GBK; //跳过超子集检测

　　SQL>ALTER DATABASE national CHARACTER SET INTERNAL ZHS16GBK;

这一行不起作用，执行后出错ORA-00933: SQL 命令未正确结束，不过执行上一行命令已经生效，其他文章里未提到本行。

　　SQL>SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;

　　SQL>STARTUP