C++primer(第五版)8.3.2节练习答案

练习8.13：重写本节的电话号码程序， 从一个命名文件而非cin读取数据。

解答：

#include<iostream>
#include<sstream>
#include<fstream>
#include<string>
#include<vector>

using std::cout;using std::endl;using std::string;using std::vector;
using std::ifstream;using std::istringstream;using std::cerr;using std::isdigit;

struct PersonInfo{
	string name;
	vector<string> phones;
};

bool valid(const string& str)
{
	return isdigit(str[0]);
}

string format(const string& str)
{
	return (str.substr(0,3)+"-"+str.substr(3,3)+"-"+str.substr(6));
}

int main()
{
	string line,word;
	ifstream ifs("phonenumber.txt");
	if(!ifs)
	{
		cerr<<"No phone numbers?"<<endl;
		return -1;
	}

	vector<PersonInfo> people;
	istringstream record;

	while(getline(ifs,line))
	{
		PersonInfo info;
		record.clear();
		record.str(line);
		record>>info.name;

		while(record>>word)
			info.phones.push_back(word);
		people.push_back(info);
	}
	for(const auto &entry:people)
	{
		std::ostringstream formatted,badNums;
		for(const auto &nums:entry.phones)
			if(!valid(nums))
				badNums<<" "<<nums;
			else
				formatted<<" "<<format(nums);
		if(badNums.str().empty())
			cout<<entry.name<<" "<<formatted.str()<<endl;
		else
			cerr<<"input error!"<<entry.name<<" invalid number(s)"<<badNums.str()<<endl;
	}

	return 0;
}

练习8.14：我们为什么将entry和nums定义为const auto&？

解答：因为他们都是类类型，而不是内置类型。所以参考更有效；输出不应该改变他们的值。所以我们添加const。