Docker常用命令

Docker常用命令

 

1、Docker容器信息

#查看docker容器版本
docker version
查看docker容器信息
docker info
#查看docker容器帮助
docker --help

2、镜像操作

提示：对于镜像的操作可使用镜像名、镜像长ID和短ID。

2.1、镜像查看

<span style="color:#7d8b8d"><span style="color:black"><code><span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#列出本地images</span>
docker images
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#含中间映像层</span>
docker images -a</code></span></span>

<span style="color:#7d8b8d"><span style="color:black"><code><span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#只显示镜像ID</span>
docker images -q
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#含中间映像层</span>
docker images -qa   </code></span></span>

<span style="color:#7d8b8d"><span style="color:black"><code><span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#显示镜像摘要信息(DIGEST列)</span>
docker images --digests
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#显示镜像完整信息</span>
docker images --no-trunc</code></span></span>

<span style="color:#7d8b8d"><span style="color:black"><code><span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#显示指定镜像的历史创建；参数：-H 镜像大小和日期，默认为true；--no-trunc  显示完整的提交记录；-q  仅列出提交记录ID</span>
docker history -H redis</code></span></span>

2.2、镜像搜索

<span style="color:#7d8b8d"><span style="color:black"><code><span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#搜索仓库MySQL镜像</span>
docker search mysql
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000"># --filter=stars=600：只显示 starts>=600 的镜像</span>
docker search --filter=stars=600 mysql
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000"># --no-trunc 显示镜像完整 DESCRIPTION 描述</span>
docker search --no-trunc mysql
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000"># --automated ：只列出 AUTOMATED=OK 的镜像</span>
docker search  --automated mysql</code></span></span>

2.3、镜像下载

<span style="color:#7d8b8d"><span style="color:black"><code><span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#下载Redis官方最新镜像，相当于：docker pull redis:latest</span>
docker pull redis
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#下载仓库所有Redis镜像</span>
docker pull -a redis
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#下载私人仓库镜像</span>
docker pull bitnami/redis</code></span></span>

2.4、镜像删除

<span style="color:#7d8b8d"><span style="color:black"><code><span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#单个镜像删除，相当于：docker rmi redis:latest</span>
docker rmi redis
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#强制删除(针对基于镜像有运行的容器进程)</span>
docker rmi -f redis
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#多个镜像删除，不同镜像间以空格间隔</span>
docker rmi -f redis tomcat nginx
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#删除本地全部镜像</span>
docker rmi -f $(docker images -q)</code></span></span>

2.5、镜像构建

<span style="color:#7d8b8d"><span style="color:black"><code><span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#（1）编写dockerfile</span>
cd /docker/dockerfile
vim mycentos
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#（2）构建docker镜像</span>
docker build -f /docker/dockerfile/mycentos -t mycentos:1.1</code></span></span>

3、容器操作

提示：对于容器的操作可使用CONTAINER ID 或 NAMES。

3.1、容器启动

<span style="color:#7d8b8d"><span style="color:black"><code><span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#新建并启动容器，参数：-i  以交互模式运行容器；-t  为容器重新分配一个伪输入终端；--name  为容器指定一个名称</span>
docker run -i -t --name mycentos
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#后台启动容器，参数：-d  已守护方式启动容器</span>
docker run -d mycentos</code></span></span>

注意：此时使用"docker ps -a"会发现容器已经退出。这是docker的机制：要使Docker容器后台运行，就必须有一个前台进程。解决方案：将你要运行的程序以前台进程的形式运行。

<span style="color:#7d8b8d"><span style="color:black"><code><span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#启动一个或多个已经被停止的容器</span>
docker start redis
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#重启容器</span>
docker restart redis</code></span></span>

3.2、容器进程

<span style="color:#7d8b8d"><span style="color:black"><code><span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#top支持 ps 命令参数，格式：docker top [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [ps OPTIONS]</span>
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#列出redis容器中运行进程</span>
docker top redis
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#查看所有运行容器的进程信息</span>
for i in  `docker ps |grep Up|awk '{print $1}'`;do echo \ &&docker top $i; done</code></span></span>

3.3、容器日志

<span style="color:#7d8b8d"><span style="color:black"><code><span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#查看redis容器日志，默认参数</span>
docker logs rabbitmq
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#查看redis容器日志，参数：-f  跟踪日志输出；-t   显示时间戳；--tail  仅列出最新N条容器日志；</span>
docker logs -f -t --tail=20 redis
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#查看容器redis从2019年05月21日后的最新10条日志。</span>
docker logs --since="2019-05-21" --tail=10 redis</code></span></span>

3.4、容器的进入与退出

<span style="color:#7d8b8d"><span style="color:black"><code><span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#使用run方式在创建时进入</span>
docker run -it centos /bin/bash
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#关闭容器并退出</span>
exit
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#仅退出容器，不关闭</span>
快捷键：Ctrl + P + Q
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#直接进入centos 容器启动命令的终端，不会启动新进程，多个attach连接共享容器屏幕，参数：--sig-proxy=false  确保CTRL-D或CTRL-C不会关闭容器</span>
docker attach --sig-proxy=false centos 
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#在 centos 容器中打开新的交互模式终端，可以启动新进程，参数：-i  即使没有附加也保持STDIN 打开；-t  分配一个伪终端</span>
docker exec -i -t  centos /bin/bash
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#以交互模式在容器中执行命令，结果返回到当前终端屏幕</span>
docker exec -i -t centos ls -l /tmp
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#以分离模式在容器中执行命令，程序后台运行，结果不会反馈到当前终端</span>
docker exec -d centos  touch cache.txt </code></span></span>

3.5、查看容器

<span style="color:#7d8b8d"><span style="color:black"><code><span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#查看正在运行的容器</span>
docker ps
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#查看正在运行的容器的ID</span>
docker ps -q
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#查看正在运行+历史运行过的容器</span>
docker ps -a
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#显示运行容器总文件大小</span>
docker ps -s</code></span></span>

<span style="color:#7d8b8d"><span style="color:black"><code><span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#显示最近创建容器</span>
docker ps -l
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#显示最近创建的3个容器</span>
docker ps -n 3
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#不截断输出</span>
docker ps --no-trunc </code></span></span>

<span style="color:#7d8b8d"><span style="color:black"><code><span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#获取镜像redis的元信息</span>
docker inspect redis
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#获取正在运行的容器redis的 IP</span>
docker inspect --format='{{range .NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.IPAddress}}{{end}}' redis</code></span></span>

3.6、容器的停止与删除

<span style="color:#7d8b8d"><span style="color:black"><code><span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#停止一个运行中的容器</span>
docker stop redis
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#杀掉一个运行中的容器</span>
docker kill redis
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#删除一个已停止的容器</span>
docker rm redis
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#删除一个运行中的容器</span>
docker rm -f redis
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#删除多个容器</span>
docker rm -f $(docker ps -a -q)
docker ps -a -q | xargs docker rm
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000"># -l 移除容器间的网络连接，连接名为 db</span>
docker rm -l db 
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000"># -v 删除容器，并删除容器挂载的数据卷</span>
docker rm -v redis</code></span></span>

3.7、生成镜像

<span style="color:#7d8b8d"><span style="color:black"><code><span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#基于当前redis容器创建一个新的镜像；参数：-a 提交的镜像作者；-c 使用Dockerfile指令来创建镜像；-m :提交时的说明文字；-p :在commit时，将容器暂停</span>
docker commit -a="DeepInThought" -m="my redis" [redis容器ID]  myredis:v1.1</code></span></span>

3.8、容器与主机间的数据拷贝

<span style="color:#7d8b8d"><span style="color:black"><code><span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#将rabbitmq容器中的文件copy至本地路径</span>
docker cp rabbitmq:/[container_path] [local_path]
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#将主机文件copy至rabbitmq容器</span>
docker cp [local_path] rabbitmq:/[container_path]/
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#将主机文件copy至rabbitmq容器，目录重命名为[container_path]（注意与非重命名copy的区别）</span>
docker cp [local_path] rabbitmq:/[container_path]</code></span></span>

• 作者： DeepInThought
  出处： https://www.cnblogs.com/DeepInThought