[LeetCode] 8.String to Integer (atoi)

题目网址：https://leetcode.com/problems/string-to-integer-atoi/

String to Integer (atoi)

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Total Accepted: 67273 Total Submissions: 524634 Difficulty: Easy

Implement atoi to convert a string to an integer.

Hint: Carefully consider all possible input cases. If you want a challenge, please do not see below and ask yourself what are the possible input cases.

Notes: It is intended for this problem to be specified vaguely (ie, no given input specs). You are responsible to gather all the input requirements up front.

Update (2015-02-10):
The signature of the C++ function had been updated. If you still see your function signature accepts a const char * argument, please click the reload button  to reset your code definition.

spoilers alert... click to show requirements for atoi.

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atoi的具体实现：

1.正负号的情况，索引自动+1

2.在溢出的情况进行处理  需要返回0 在计算的过程中就进行判断输出

3.字符串可能形式不符合  规定atoi对应的字符串的首字母只可能是空格或者正负号或者数字 

W的三个例子：

/*
"2147483648"
"  b11228552307"
"9223372036854775809"
*/