Cannibalism in contact narratives and the evolution of the wendigo【翻译】

Dedication
I dedicate this thesis to my kind and caring sisters, and my grounding father.
For my mother: thank you for beginning my love of words and for every time reading “one more
chapter.”
And for every person who has reminded me to guard my spirit during long winters.
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Acknowledgments
I am deeply indebted to Dr. Lori Burlingame, for reading all of my papers over and over again,
for always letting me take up her office hours with long talks about Alexie, Erdrich, Harjo, Silko
and Ortiz, and supporting everything I’ve done with unwavering confidence. I am profoundly
grateful to Dr. Abby Coykendall, for always filling the margins with more reading
recommendations, for encouraging complex connections, and for introducing me early on to bell
hooks and Homi Bhabha, and to Dr. Christine Neufeld, for urging me to cross boundaries and
not be afraid of my own voice. My constant gratitude to David Boeving, Jamel Colvin, and
Adam Mitts, for all the bar nights discussing literary theory, for always answering my 2 a.m.
phone calls and text messages, for working through all the pieces with me, and reminding me
that I have something to say. Thank you to Rebecca Thomas, for the midnight Denny’s outings,
for covering walls of chalkboards with me, for the surprise sticky notes and always being there
with a quote from “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock.” My sincerest gratitude to Tony Spicer
for long hours of conversation in the sunshine and the deep understanding you always provide.
Thank you to Tom Ulch, for all the crazy projects, crazier stories, for Ceremony, and letting me
nap on the office couch. Miigwetch to Amber Morsaeu, for all the fire. Yokoke to Dr. Kay
McGowan and Fay Givens, for encouraging me to speak my own language, and for helping me
find my people and my place. Warmest thanks to Shoshana Phillips, who welcomed me
unquestioningly, and provided me with a home away from home with bright smiles, warm
coffee, and countless beading supplies. And thank you to Alethea Phillips, for staying awake on
long drives, always trying something new, and caring deeply about so much; I can’t wait to see
everything you do. Finally, thank you to the entire English department at Eastern Michigan
University, for years of support, encouragement, and excellent classroom discussions.
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Abstract
This thesis examines the relationship between colonization and cannibalism, beginning with
cannibalism as represented in colonial contact narratives. I address the tendency of the colonizers
to presume cannibalism of the indigenous people with whom they come into contact, and how
the assumption dictates the treatment of aboriginals by colonizing Europeans. Texts discussed in
this light include The Tempest, She, Robinson Crusoe and the journals of Christopher Columbus.
Additionally, I address the effects of colonization on the indigenous associations of cannibalism
in conjunction with the evolution of the wendigo. To illustrate this evolution, I primarily draw on
traditional oral stories alongside the works of Louise Erdrich and Winona LaDuke, including
Tracks, Four Souls, The Round House and Last Standing Woman. To close, I demarcate the trend
of American television shows to appropriate the wendigo, ascertaining a fundamental
misunderstanding of indigenous cultural beliefs by American popular culture.
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Table of Contents
Dedication……………………………………………..…………..……………………....……. ii
Acknowledgments…………………………………………..………………………………….. iii
Abstract……………………………………………………………………….....………………. iv
Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………... 1
Chapter One: Contacting Cannibals…………………………………………………………….. 6
Chapter Two: Wendigo Origins and Evolutions……………………………………………….. 21
Chapter Three: In the Spirit of the Wendigo…………………………………………………… 41
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………… 58
Works Cited…………………………………………………………………………………..… 60

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