Reconciling matter and spirit: the Galenic brain in early modern literature【翻译】

ABSTRACT
This project asserts that in works by Edmund Spenser, William
Shakespeare, John Donne and Aemilia Lanyer, early modern knowledge of
Galenic brain physiology is an essential part of Renaissance formulations of
identity. As the accepted residence of the soul, the Galenic brain is a place where
important questions about subjectivity can be addressed, and my project reads
references to the brain in early modern literature as confluences of anatomical
knowledge and Christian theories of spiritual identity. These readings uncover a
more nuanced picture of the early modern subject as a complex union of flesh
and spirit.
I begin with an in depth overview of the legacy of Renaissance Galenism.
I then read Galenic brain theories that are influential in the early modern texts in
my study. This discussion progresses through my reading of the reconciliation of
Galenic medicine with Christian doctrine that occurs over several centuries.
Chapter two is a focused analysis of how Edmund Spenser constructs the
character of Prince Arthur as a compromise between current medical and
Christian ideas. I argue that in a critically popular passage in Book II of Spenserʼs
Faerie Queene, contemporary theories of the brain ventricles contribute to an
anatomical definition of Christian temperance that contributes to the complexity of
Prince Arthurʼs behavior. In chapter three, I read Richardʼs famous prison speech
in act 5, scene 5 of Shakespeareʼs Richard II as a theory of his cognition, or the
process by which his behavior becomes manifest, and I argue that this reveals
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the interdependent relationship between early modern personality and the
physical body it inhabits. In my chapter on John Donneʼs poem “The Crosse,” I
argue that Donne deliberately departs from accepted anatomies of the cranial
sutures in order to assert spiritual causation that maintains and disciplines the
passions. Finally, in my concluding chapter on Aemilia Lanyerʼs Salve Deus Rex
Judeaeorum, I argue that Lanyer constructs a female brain that requires the
masculine dominance of Godʼs grace in a highly sexualized relationship, and that
her model mirrors patriarchal physiological models of women.
Abstract Approved: ______________________________________________
Thesis Supervisor
______________________________________________
Title and Department
______________________________________________
Date
RECONCILING MATTER AND SPIRIT:
THE GALENIC BRAIN IN EARLY MODERN LITERATURE
by
Erica Nicole Daigle
A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree
in English in
the Graduate College of
The University of Iowa
July 2009
Thesis Supervisor: Associate Professor Alvin Snider
Graduate College
The University of Iowa
Iowa City, Iowa
CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL
__________________________
PH.D. THESIS
____________
This is to certify that the Ph.D. thesis of
Erica Nicole Daigle
has been approved by the Examining Committee for the thesis requirement for
the Doctor of Philosophy degree in English at the July 2009 graduation.
Thesis Committee: ________________________________________________
Alvin Snider, Thesis Supervisor
________________________________________________
Lori Branch
________________________________________________
Huston Diehl
________________________________________________
Miriam Gilbert
________________________________________________
Katherine Tachau
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To Rob
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES v
CHAPTER
I. INTRODUCTION: EARLY MODERN GALEN: BODY, BRAIN,
AND SELF 1
Galenic Medical Theory and the Renaissance Self 1
The Dual yet Homogenous Nature of Humans 20
Inside the Renaissance Brain 26
II. TEMPERANCE AND COGNITION IN BOOK II OF THE
FAERIE QUEENE 37
The Christian and Classical Tempering of Arthur 37
Moving Temper inside the Body Castle 49
Fighting for Moderation 59
III. THE PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY OF BEHAVIOR IN RICHARD II 69
Brains, Prison Cells, and Splintered Identities 69
Many in One: Richardʼs Galenic (and Insightful)
Crowdedness 82
A Kingdom in Pieces 92
Therein Will I Read 105
IV. CRANIAL ANATOMY AND SPIRITUAL REGULATION IN
JOHN DONNEʼS “THE CROSSE” 108
Reading God in the Book of Flesh 108
Donneʼs Anatomy Lesson 119
Materialism and Mind 133
Crosses Made of Bone 141
V. PHYSIO(LOGICAL) DIFFERENCE: DEFINING “WOMANS
WIT” IN AEMILIA LANYERʼS SALVE DEUS REX
JUDAEORUM 150
Different Bodies, Different Brains 150
The Power of Cold, Moist Submission 169
CONCLUSION: GALENʼS LEGACY AND THOMAS WILLIS 182
NOTES 192
iv
BIBLIOGRAPHY 214

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