Android中提供的HttpURLConnection和HttpClient接口可以用来开发HTTP程序。以下是本人在学习中的总结与归纳。
1. HttpURLConnection接口
首先需要明确的是,Http通信中的POST和GET请求方式的不同。GET可以获得静态页面,也可以把参数放在URL字符串后面,传递给服务器。而POST方法的参数是放在Http请求中。因此,在编程之前,应当首先明确使用的请求方法,然后再根据所使用的方式选择相应的编程方式。
HttpURLConnection是继承于URLConnection类,二者都是抽象类。其对象主要通过URL的openConnection方法获得。创建方法如下代码所示:
- URL url = new URL("http://www.51cto.com/index.jsp?par=123456");
- HttpURLConnection urlConn=(HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
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通过以下方法可以对请求的属性进行一些设置,如下所示:
-
- urlConn.setDoOutput(true);
- urlConn.setDoInput(true);
-
- urlConn.setRequestMethod("POST");
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- urlConn.setUseCaches(false);
-
- urlConn.disConnection();
-
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HttpURLConnection默认使用GET方式,例如下面代码所示:
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- HttpURLConnection urlConn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
-
- InputStreamReader in = new InputStreamReader(urlConn.getInputStream());
-
- BufferedReader buffer = new BufferedReader(in);
- String inputLine = null;
-
- while (((inputLine = buffer.readLine()) != null))
- {
-
- resultData += inputLine + "\n";
- }
-
- in.close();
-
- urlConn.disconnect();
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如果需要使用POST方式,则需要setRequestMethod设置。代码如下:
- String httpUrl = "http://192.168.1.110:8080/httpget.jsp";
-
- String resultData = "";
- URL url = null;
- try
- {
-
- url = new URL(httpUrl);
- }
- catch (MalformedURLException e)
- {
- Log.e(DEBUG_TAG, "MalformedURLException");
- }
- if (url != null)
- {
- try
- {
-
- HttpURLConnection urlConn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
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- urlConn.setDoOutput(true);
- urlConn.setDoInput(true);
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- urlConn.setRequestMethod("POST");
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- urlConn.setUseCaches(false);
- urlConn.setInstanceFollowRedirects(true);
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- urlConn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
-
-
- urlConn.connect();
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- DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(urlConn.getOutputStream());
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- String content = "par=" + URLEncoder.encode("ABCDEFG", "gb2312");
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- out.writeBytes(content);
-
- out.flush();
- out.close();
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2. HttpClient接口
使用Apache提供的HttpClient接口同样可以进行HTTP操作。
对于GET和POST请求方法的操作有所不同。GET方法的操作代码示例如下:
-
- String httpUrl = "http://192.168.1.110:8080/httpget.jsp?par=HttpClient_android_Get";
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- HttpGet httpRequest = new HttpGet(httpUrl);
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- HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();
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- HttpResponse httpResponse = httpclient.execute(httpRequest);
-
- if (httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK)
- {
-
- String strResult = EntityUtils.toString(httpResponse.getEntity());
- mTextView.setText(strResult);
- }
- else
- {
- mTextView.setText("请求错误!");
- }
- }
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使用POST方法进行参数传递时,需要使用NameValuePair来保存要传递的参数。,另外,还需要设置所使用的字符集。代码如下所示:
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- String httpUrl = "http://192.168.1.110:8080/httpget.jsp";
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- HttpPost httpRequest = new HttpPost(httpUrl);
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- List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
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- params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("par", "HttpClient_android_Post"));
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- HttpEntity httpentity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params, "gb2312");
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- httpRequest.setEntity(httpentity);
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- HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();
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- HttpResponse httpResponse = httpclient.execute(httpRequest);
-
- if (httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK)
- {
-
- String strResult = EntityUtils.toString(httpResponse.getEntity());
- mTextView.setText(strResult);
- }
- else
- {
- mTextView.setText("请求错误!");
- }
- }
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HttpClient实际上是对Java提供方法的一些封装,在HttpURLConnection中的输入输出流操作,在这个接口中被统一封装成了HttpPost(HttpGet)和HttpResponse,这样,就减少了操作的繁琐性。
另外,在使用POST方式进行传输时,需要进行字符编码。