大学英语精读第三版（第五册）复习笔记——文章内容摘要

文章标题	作者	链接	文章内容摘录
B5U1B - First Day: Give Us 15 Minutes a Day（第一天：每天给我们15分钟）	Wilfred Funk & Norman Lewis	大学英语精读第三版（第五册）学习笔记（原文及全文翻译）——1B - First Day: Give Us 15 Minutes a Day（第一天：每天给我们15分钟）_预见未来to50的专栏-CSDN博客	Your words are your keys for your thoughts. And the more words you have at your command the deeper, clearer and more accurate will be your thinking. A command of English will not only improve the processes of your mind. It will give you assurance; build your self-confidence; lend color to your personality; increase your popularity. Your words are your personality. Your vocabulary is you. Your words are all that we, your friends, have to know and judge you by. You have no other medium for telling us your thoughts - for convincing us, persuading us, giving us orders. 你的词汇就是表达你思想的琴键。你掌握的词越多，你的思想就会更深刻、更清晰也更精确。 掌握英语不仅会改进你的思维进程。它还会给你信心；树立你的自信；使你的个性更真实可信；使你更受欢迎。你的词汇就是你的个性。你的词汇就是你。 你的词汇就是我们——你的朋友——借以了解和判断你所具有的全部。你没有别的媒介用来告诉我们你的思想——用来说服我们，规劝我们，命令我们。
B5U2B - Letter from Home（家书）	William Zinsser	大学英语精读第三版（第五册）学习笔记（原文及全文翻译）——2B - Letter from Home（家书）_预见未来to50的专栏-CSDN博客	They should know that fame and fortune are not end products that they will automatically win if they follow a straight and safe route, but by-products that will come to them if they dare to poke down the unmarked side roads that lead to life's richest surprises. 他们应该懂得，名和利并非走一条笔直的坦途就必然会赢得的囊中之物，而是勇于沿着没有路标的小路探索丰富多彩的人生奇景时的意外收获。 Too late at eighteen? Sad words. They are growing up old and set in their ways. They have been told to prepare for one career and to stick to it and succeed. They are not told that they have a right to try many paths, to stumble and try something else, and to learn by stumbling. The right to fail is one of the few freedoms not granted in our Bill of Rights. Today it is more acceptable to change marriage partners than to change careers. "Victory has very narrow meanings and can become a destructive force," writes Bill Bradley in his book, Life on the Run. Bradley was an Ivy Leaguer himself and a Rhodes Scholar - an earlier member of the same elite that is now so preoccupied with success - before starting his ten-year career of professional basketball, which has just come to an end. "The taste of defeat," he writes, "has a richness of experience all its own. To me, every day is a struggle to stay in touch with life's subtleties. No one grows without failing." The fault is not with our children, but with the narrowness of the flowerbed in which we expect them to germinate. We are stunting their growth if we tell them that there is only one "right" way to get through their education or to get through life. America has always been nourished by men and women who are not afraid to go against the grain. 18岁就太晚了？真是令人伤心的话。他们的行为方式正变得陈旧呆板。一直有人告诉他们要为某一种职业作准备，要坚持不懈直至成功。没有人告诉他们，他们有权尝试多种道路，跌倒后再试试别的途径，在跌跌撞撞中学习。失败的权利是我们的《人权法案》没有授予我们的少数几项自由之一。如今，更换配偶比更换职业更易被人接受。 “胜利具有十分狭隘的意义，它能成为一种破坏力，”比尔·布雷德利在他的《奔忙的人生》一书中写道。布雷德利本人在开始其刚刚结束的十年职业篮球生涯之前是长春藤联合会名牌大学的学生，罗兹奖学金获得者——如今正忙于追求成功的精英族的早期一员。“失败的滋味，”他写道，“其本身蕴含着十分丰富的体验。对我而言，每天都是一场为一刻不脱离生活奥妙而进行的斗争。没有人在成长过程中不经历失败。” 过错不在我们的孩子们，而在我们期待他们在其中发芽成长的花坛过于狭小。如果我们告诉他们完成教育或度过人生的“正确”道路只有一条，那我们就是在阻碍他们的生长。美国的繁荣始终得益于不怕离经叛道的男女志士。
B5U3B - Born to Win（生而胜）	Muriel James & Dorothy Jongeward	大学英语精读第三版（第五册）学习笔记（原文及全文翻译）——3B - Born to Win（生而胜）_预见未来to50的专栏-CSDN博客	A winner is not afraid to do his own thinking and to use his own knowledge. He can separate facts from opinion and doesn't pretend to have all the answers. He listens to others, evaluates what they say, but comes to his own conclusions. While he can admire and respect other people, he is not totally defined, bound, or awed by them. 胜者不怕独立思考，不怕运用自己的知识。他能分辨事实与看法，不装出一副事事皆通的样子。他倾听别人的意见，对他们的意见加以评价，但却由自己得出结论。他能够钦佩并尊重他人，但不会完全被他们限定住、束缚住或者吓倒。 A lack of response to dependency needs, poor nutrition, brutality, unhappy relationships, disease, continuing disappointments, inadequate physical care, and traumatic events are among the many experiences that contribute to making people losers. Such experiences interrupt, deter, or prevent the normal progress toward autonomy and self-actualization. To cope with negative experiences a child learns to manipulate himself and others. These manipulative techniques are hard to give up later in life and often become set patterns. A winner works to shed them. A loser hangs on to them. 对依赖需求的缺乏反应、营养不良、野蛮行为、不愉快的人际关系、疾病、连续不断的失望、对身体照料的不足以及造成心灵创伤的事件等都属于促使人们成为失败者的众多经历之列。这类经历会中断、妨碍或阻止通向自立和自我实现的正常进程。为了对付种种反面的经历，一个孩子学会了控制自己和操纵别人。这些操纵人的技术很难在以后的人生中放弃，于是往往便成为固定的模式。胜者努力去摆脱它们，而失败者却紧紧抓住它们不放。
B5U4A - Super Kids and Super Problems（超级孩子与超级问题）	David Elkind	大学英语精读第三版（第五册）学习笔记（原文及全文翻译）——4A - Super Kids and Super Problems（超级孩子与超级问题）_预见未来to50的专栏-CSDN博客	Such child behavior problems are symptomatic of our times. Our trouble is that we always seem to go to extremes. Parents are either too permissive or too pushy. Healthy child rearing demands a middle ground. Certainly we need to make demands on our children. But they have to be tailored to the child's interests and abilities. We put our children at risk for short-term stress disorders and long-term personality problems when we ignore their individuality and impose our own priorities "for their own good." 此类孩子的行为问题是我们时代的反应。我们的问题在于我们似乎总是走极端。父母不是太宽容放任就是太执意强求。健康的儿童养育需要一种中间立场。我们无疑需要对我们的孩子提出要求。但这些要求应适应孩子的兴趣和能力。当我们无视他们的个性，“为了他们好”而把我们自己最为关注的东西强加于他们时，我们就把我们的孩子置于短期的紧张病和长期的个性问题的危险中了。
B5U4B - BA'85: The Hapless Odyssey of a Young Classicist-Cum-Clerk（85年毕业的文学学士：一位年轻店员兼古典学者的不幸漫漫行程）	Michael Christie	大学英语精读第三版（第五册）学习笔记（原文及全文翻译）——4B -The Hapless Odyssey of a Young Classicist-Clerk（一位年轻店员兼古典学者的不幸漫漫行程）_预见未来to50的专栏-CSDN博客	Two years ago at this time I was unconcerned as my friends worried about scores on law board exams, or nervously waited for letters from the admissions offices of medical schools, or struggled to get into graduate business programs. They knew then what I did not know until much later: that a liberal-arts degree no longer guarantees a good job and that, given the state of the economy, college students must train for something specific if they want to be certain of winning a job they want. 两年前的此时，当我的朋友们为法学院入学考试的成绩忧心忡忡，或紧张地等待着医学院招生办的来信，或拼着命想进入工商管理硕士班时，我却漫不经心。当时他们已经知道了我很久以后才知道的情况：大学文科的学位已不再确保有份好工作，而考虑到经济状况，大学生要想肯定赢得一份想要的工作就必须接受某种特定的教育。
B5U5B - The Breakthroughs in Medicine（医学上的突破）	James V. McConnell	大学英语精读第三版（第五册）学习笔记（原文及全文翻译）——5B -The Breakthroughs in Medicine（医学上的突破）_预见未来to50的专栏-CSDN博客	For almost a decade now, I have been sending behaviorally trained undergraduates into hospitals to help physicians learn how to handle their patients in more humane, rewarding ways. We have demonstrated time and again that we can take some of the most difficult patients imaginable and, using both love and behavioral technology, increase certain "cure rates" dramatically. Most of our techniques involve rewarding patients for following good medical regimens and teaching patients how to handle their own emotional and behavioral problems. 近十年来，我一直把受过行为科学训练的大学本科生派到医院去帮助内科医生们学习如何以更富有人情味、更有效的方式对待病人。我们已经一再证明，我们可以接受一些最难治疗的病人，运用爱和行为科学技术双管齐下，显著地提高某些“治愈率”。我们的技术大多都包括以下内容：对遵守良好的医学养生法的病人给予奖励，教会病人处理好自己的情绪和行为问题。
B5U6B - Feels Like Spring（感觉就像春天一样）	Milton Kaplan	大学英语精读第三版（第五册）学习笔记（原文及全文翻译）——6B -Feels Like Spring（感觉就像春天一样）_预见未来to50的专栏-CSDN博客	She bangs into me and she grabs the strap I'm holding and hangs on it for dear life. "I beg your pardon," she gasps. My hands are pinned down and I can't tip my hat but I answer politely, "That's all right." The doors close and the train begins to move. She has to hold on to my strap; there isn't any other place for her. "Nice day, isn't it?" she says. The train swings around a turn and the wheels squealing on the rails sound like the birds singing in New Hampshire. My heart is pounding like mad. "Feels like spring," I say. 她撞到了我身上，一把抓住了我抓的那个吊环，拼命抓着不放。 “对不起，”她喘着气说。 我的双手动弹不得，无法举帽子，但我还是彬彬有礼地回答说，“没关系。” 车门关上了，地铁开始行驶。她不得不抓牢我的吊环，没有别的地方留给她了。 “天气很好，是吗? ”她说。　 列车驶过弯道，车轮在铁轨上滚动着，发出尖厉的长鸣，宛如新罕布什尔的小鸟在歌唱，我的心狂跳不已。 “感觉就像春天一样，”我说。
B5U7B - Three Days to See（假如给我三天光明）	Helen Keller	大学英语精读第三版（第五册）学习笔记（原文及全文翻译）——7B -Three Days to See（假如给我三天光明）_预见未来to50的专栏-CSDN博客	Most of us, however, take life for granted. We know that one day we must die, but usually we picture that day as far in the future. When we are in buoyant health, death is all but unimaginable. We seldom think of it. The days stretch out in an endless vista. So we go about our petty tasks, hardly aware of our listless attitude toward life. 然而，我们大多数人都将生命视为理所当然。我们知道有一天我们肯定会死去，但通常我们都把那一天想象得遥遥无期。当我们欢乐健康时，死亡几乎难以想象。我们极少想到它。时光像一道无穷尽的远景延伸出去。于是我们终日忙于琐事，几乎意识不到自己对生活的这种倦怠的态度。 The same lethargy, I am afraid, characterizes the use of all our faculties and senses. Only the deaf appreciate hearing, only the blind realize the manifold blessings that lie in sight. Particularly does this observation apply to those who have lost sight and hearing in adult life. But those who have never suffered impairment of sight or hearing seldom make the fullest use of these blessed faculties. Their eyes and ears take in all sights and sounds hazily, without concentration, and with little appreciation. It is the same old story of not being grateful for what we have until we lose it, of not being conscious of health until we are ill. I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life. Darkness would make him more appreciative of sight, silence would teach him the joys of sound. 同样的没精打采恐怕也代表了我们使用所有官能与感官的特点。只有聋子才珍惜听觉，只有盲人才意识到视觉所蕴涵的多种幸福。这一说法尤其适用于那些成年之后才丧失视觉和听觉的人。但那些视觉或听觉从未遭受过伤害的人却很少最充分地利用这些天赐的官能。他们的眼睛和耳朵模模糊糊地接受所有的景象和声音，漫不经心，毫不在意。这正像老话所说的，直到失去了我们所有的东西我们才会感激上帝的恩赐，直到病魔缠身我们才意识到健康的重要。 我常想，如果每个人在其成年之初的某个时刻突然失明失聪几天，那倒是一件幸事。黑暗将使他更加珍惜视力，沉寂将教给他声音的欢乐。
B5U8B - Conflict in Black and White（黑人与白人的冲突）	Lewis. Levine & Lucinda S. Hughey	大学英语精读第三版（第五册）学习笔记（原文及全文翻译）——8B - Conflict in Black and White（黑人与白人的冲突）_预见未来to50的专栏-CSDN博客	Although blacks had "freedom" in a legal sense, most of them still did not have any education or economic independence. Consequently, they were helpless to participate significantly in the political process to try to improve their status. Except for farm work, most former slaves had no skills. As a result, many blacks went back to work for the same white people who used to be their masters. 虽然从法律意义上讲，黑人享有“自由”，但是他们中的大多数人仍然受不到任何教育，仍然得不到经济上的独立。其结果是，他们无法真正参与争取改善其自身地位的政治进程。除了干农活之外，大多数昔日的奴隶都没有技术。因此，许多黑人又回到原来的白人主子那儿为他们干活。