【SpringMVC学习11】SpringMVC中的拦截器

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-04 23:24:10 发布

hrpyellow

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-04 23:24:10 发布

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Springmvc的处理器拦截器类似于Servlet 开发中的过滤器Filter，用于对处理器进行预处理和后处理。本文主要总结一下springmvc中拦截器是如何定义的，以及测试拦截器的执行情况和使用方法。

1. springmvc拦截器的定义和配置

1.1 springmvc拦截器的定义

　　在springmvc中，定义拦截器要实现HandlerInterceptor接口，并实现该接口中提供的三个方法，如下：

<code class="language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//测试拦截器1</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">HandlerInterceptor1</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">implements</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">HandlerInterceptor</span>{</span>

    <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">boolean</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">preHandle</span>(HttpServletRequest request,
            HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">throws</span> Exception {

        System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"HandlerInterceptor1....preHandle"</span>);

        <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//false表示拦截，不向下执行；true表示放行</span>
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">true</span>;
    }

    <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">postHandle</span>(HttpServletRequest request,
            HttpServletResponse response, Object handler,
            ModelAndView modelAndView) <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">throws</span> Exception {

        System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"HandlerInterceptor1....postHandle"</span>);

    }

    <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">afterCompletion</span>(HttpServletRequest request,
            HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex)
            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">throws</span> Exception {

        System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"HandlerInterceptor1....afterCompletion"</span>);
    }
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li></ul>

　　针对这三个方法，我做一下简单的分析：

preHandle方法：进入Handler方法之前执行。可以用于身份认证、身份授权。比如如果认证没有通过表示用户没有登陆，需要此方法拦截不再往下执行（return false），否则就放行（return true）。
postHandle方法：进入Handler方法之后，返回ModelAndView之前执行。可以看到该方法中有个modelAndView的形参。应用场景：从modelAndView出发：将公用的模型数据（比如菜单导航之类的）在这里传到视图，也可以在这里同一指定视图。
afterCompletion方法：执行Handler完成之后执行。应用场景：统一异常处理，统一日志处理等。

1.2 springmvc拦截器的配置

　　在springmvc中，拦截器是针对具体的HandlerMapping进行配置的，也就是说如果在某个HandlerMapping中配置拦截，经过该 HandlerMapping映射成功的handler最终使用该拦截器。比如，假设我们在配置文件中配置了的映射器是org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping，那么我们可以这样来配置拦截器：

<code class="language-xml hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">bean</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"</span>></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">property</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"interceptors"</span>></span>
        <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">list</span>></span>
            <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">ref</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">bean</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"handlerInterceptor1"</span>/></span>
            <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">ref</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">bean</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"handlerInterceptor2"</span>/></span>
        <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">list</span>></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">property</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">bean</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">bean</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">id</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"handlerInterceptor1"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"ssm.intercapter.HandlerInterceptor1"</span>/></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">bean</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">id</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"handlerInterceptor2"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"ssm.intercapter.HandlerInterceptor2"</span>/></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li></ul>

　　那么在springmvc中，如何配置类似于全局的拦截器呢？上面也说了，springmvc中的拦截器是针对具体的映射器的，为了解决这个问题，springmvc框架将配置的类似全局的拦截器注入到每个HandlerMapping中，这样就可以成为全局的拦截器了。配置如下：

<code class="language-xml hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"><!-- 配置拦截器 --></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">mvc:interceptors</span>></span>
    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"><!-- 多个拦截器，按顺序执行 --></span>        
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">mvc:interceptor</span>></span>
        <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">mvc:mapping</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">path</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"/**"</span>/></span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"><!-- 表示拦截所有的url包括子url路径 --></span>
        <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">bean</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"ssm.interceptor.HandlerInterceptor1"</span>/></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">mvc:interceptor</span>></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">mvc:interceptor</span>></span>
        <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">mvc:mapping</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">path</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"/**"</span>/></span>
        <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">bean</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"ssm.interceptor.HandlerInterceptor2"</span>/></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">mvc:interceptor</span>></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">mvc:interceptor</span>></span>
        <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">mvc:mapping</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">path</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"/**"</span>/></span>
        <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">bean</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"ssm.interceptor.HandlerInterceptor3"</span>/></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">mvc:interceptor</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">mvc:interceptors</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li></ul>

　　一般我们都用这种配置，<mvc:mapping>中指定要拦截的url即可。

2. springmvc拦截器的执行测试

　　仿照上面的HandlerInterceptor1再写两个拦截器，HandlerInterceptor2和HandlerInterceptor3，配置是按照上面这个配置。然后我们来测试一下三个拦截器的执行情况，并做相关总结。

2.1 三个拦截器都放行

　　也就是说，我们将三个拦截器的preHandle方法中返回值都改成true，来测试一下拦截器的执行顺序，测试结果如下：

HandlerInterceptor1….preHandle
HandlerInterceptor2….preHandle
HandlerInterceptor3….preHandle

HandlerInterceptor3….postHandle
HandlerInterceptor2….postHandle
HandlerInterceptor1….postHandle

HandlerInterceptor3….afterCompletion
HandlerInterceptor2….afterCompletion
HandlerInterceptor1….afterCompletion

　　根据打印的结果做一个总结：当所有拦截器都放行的时候，preHandle方法是按照配置的顺序执的；而另外两个方法按照配置的顺序逆向执行的。

2.2 有一个拦截器不放行

　　我们将第三个拦截器的preHandle方法中返回值改成false，前两个还是true，来测试一下拦截器的执行顺序，测试结果如下：

HandlerInterceptor1….preHandle
HandlerInterceptor2….preHandle
HandlerInterceptor3….preHandle

HandlerInterceptor2….afterCompletion
HandlerInterceptor1….afterCompletion

根据打印的结果做一个总结：
　　1. 由于拦截器1和2放行，所以拦截器3的preHandle才能执行。也就是说前面的拦截器放行，后面的拦截器才能执行preHandle。
　　2. 拦截器3不放行，所以其另外两个方法没有被执行。即如果某个拦截器不放行，那么它的另外两个方法就不会背执行。
　　3. 只要有一个拦截器不放行，所有拦截器的postHandle方法都不会执行，但是只要执行过preHandle并且放行的，就会执行afterCompletion方法。

2.3 三个拦截器都不放行

　　这种情况其实可以参考上面的情况了，是一个特例，也看一下运行结果：

HandlerInterceptor1….preHandle

　　很明显，就只执行了第一个拦截器的preHandle方法，因为都不放行，所以没有一个执行postHandle方法和afterCompletion方法。

3. 拦截器的使用

　　从第二种情况来看，比如现在要写一个统一异常处理的逻辑，那么要将该拦截器放在拦截器链的第一个位置，且一定要放行，因为只有放行了，才会去执行afterCompletion，而且放在拦截器链的第一个的话，afterCompletion方法会最后执行，才能在里面执行统一异常处理的逻辑。
　　再比如，登陆认证拦截器，放在拦截器链接中第一个位置（如果有统一异常处理，那么应该放在统一异常处理的后面）。权限校验拦截器，放在登陆认证拦截器之后（因为登陆通过后才校验权限）。
　　这里写一个登陆验证的拦截器来说明一下如何使用springmvc的拦截器。

3.1 需求

　　首先看一下需求：我们要拦截啥，拦截到了要干啥。思路如下：

1、用户请求url
2、拦截器进行拦截校验
如果请求的url是公开地址（无需登陆即可访问的url），让放行。
如果用户session不存在，则跳转到登陆页面。
如果用户session存在则放行，继续操作。

3.2 实现登陆的Controller方法

<code class="language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//登陆</span>
<span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@RequestMapping</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"/login"</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> String <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">login</span>(HttpServletRequest request, String username, String password) <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">throws</span> Exception {

    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//实际中要去和数据库匹配的</span>
    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//....</span>
    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//这里就假设登陆成功了</span>
    HttpSession session = request.getSession();
    session.setAttribute(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"username"</span>, username);
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"redirect:queryItems.action"</span>;
}

<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//退出</span>
<span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@RequestMapping</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"/logout"</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> String <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">logout</span>(HttpServletRequest request) <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">throws</span> Exception {

    HttpSession session = request.getSession();
    session.invalidate();
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"redirect:queryItems.action"</span>;
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li></ul>

3.2 登陆验证拦截器的实现

<code class="language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//测试拦截器1</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">LoginInterceptor</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">implements</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">HandlerInterceptor</span>{</span>

    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//进入Handler方法之前执行</span>
    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//可以用于身份认证、身份授权。如果认证没有通过表示用户没有登陆，需要此方法拦截不再往下执行，否则就放行</span>
    <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">boolean</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">preHandle</span>(HttpServletRequest request,
            HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">throws</span> Exception {

        <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//获取请求的url</span>
        String url = request.getRequestURI();
        <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//判断url是否公开地址（实际使用时将公开地址配置到配置文件中）</span>
        <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//这里假设公开地址是否登陆提交的地址</span>
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span>(url.indexOf(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"login.action"</span>) > <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>) {
            <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//如果进行登陆提交，放行</span>
            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">true</span>;
        }

        <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//判断session</span>
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//从session中取出用户身份信息</span>
        String username = (String) session.getAttribute(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"username"</span>);
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span>(username != <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>) {
            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">true</span>;
        }

        <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//执行到这里表示用户身份需要验证，跳转到登陆页面</span>
        request.getRequestDispatcher(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"/WEB-INF/jsp/login.jsp"</span>).forward(request, response);

        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">false</span>;
    }
    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//节省空间，省略另外两个方法不写了，也不用处理</span>
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li></ul>

然后配置该拦截器：

<code class="language-xml hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"><!-- 配置拦截器 --></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">mvc:interceptors</span>></span>
    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"><!-- 多个拦截器，按顺序执行 --></span>    
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">mvc:interceptor</span>></span>
        <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">mvc:mapping</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">path</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"/**"</span>/></span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"><!-- 拦截所有的url包括子url路径 --></span>
        <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">bean</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"ssm.interceptor.LoginInterceptor"</span>/></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">mvc:interceptor</span>></span>
    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"><!-- 其他拦截器 --></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">mvc:interceptors</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li></ul>

　　这样当我们任意请求一个url的时候，就会被刚刚我们定义的拦截器给捕获到，然后会判断是否session中有用户信息，没有的话就会跳到登陆页面让我们登陆：

<code class="language-html hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">form</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">action</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"${pageContext.request.contextPath }/login.action"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">method</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"post"</span>></span>
    用户名：<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">input</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"text"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"username"</span> /></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">br</span>></span>
    密码：<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">input</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"password"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"password"</span> /></span><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">br</span>></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">input</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"submit"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"提交"</span> /></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">form</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>

拦截器的使用基本上就总结到这了。

hrpyellow

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