TOEFL OG Reading tips

转载请注明来自souldak，微博:@evagle

1. Reading introduction
3-5篇   700  字长 每篇配12-14道题 共有60-100分钟，每篇是 20分钟

2. 文章结构
文章的4种组织方式：

• classification
• comparison/contrast
• cause/effect
• problem/solution

3. 10种提问类型

Basic Information and Inferencing questions (11 to 13 questions per set)
1. Factual Information questions (3 to 6 questions per set)
2. Negative Factual Information questions (0 to 2 questions per set)
3. Inference questions (0 to 2 questions per set)
4. Rhetorical Purpose questions (0 to 2 questions per set)
5. Vocabulary questions (3 to 5 questions per set)
6. Reference questions (0 to 2 questions per set)
7. Sentence Simplification questions (0 to 1 question per set)
8. Insert Text question (0 to 1 question per set)
Reading to Learn questions (1 per set)
9. Prose Summary
10. Fill in a Table

4. 每种类型的定义及解题方式

Type 1: Factual Information Questions
问的是文章描述过的一个事实，细节或者定义。这个在文章中是 明确提及了的。直接找答案就行。以下是常见问法

• According to the paragraph, which of the following is true of X?
• The author’s description of X mentions which of the following?
• According to the paragraph, X occurred because . . .
• According to the paragraph, X did Y because . . .
• According to the paragraph, why did X do Y?
• The author’s description of X mentions which of the following?

Type 2: Negative Factual Information Questions
找出那个选项是对的或者是错的，注意提干的 NOT/EXCEPT

• According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true of X?
• The author’s description of X mentions all of the following EXCEPT

做完之后一定要坚持题目有没有NOT/EXCEPT,小心答非所问

Type 3: Inference Questions
推理题：有   原因-结果推理、比较推理（A>B=>B<A）等
题干有infer,suggest, imply

• Which of the following can be inferred about X?
• The author of the passage implies that X . . .
• Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about X?

不要凭自己猜测，需要根据文章来推理

Type 4: Rhetorical Purpose Questions
这个是问 为什么提及某个人某个事物， 或者为什么会有某句话、 句子间的关系， 段落间的关系等。
常用词：definition, example,to illustrate, to explain, to contrast, to refute, to note, to criticize, function of

• The author discusses X in paragraph 2 in order to . . .
• Why does the author mention X?
• The author uses X as an example of . . .

Type 5: Vocabulary Questions
词汇题，问词汇的意思或者作用

• The word X in the passage is closest in meaning to
• In stating X, the author means that

要注意不是单词的意思，而是要结合文章语境，给出在文中的意思。

Type 6: Reference Questions
指代题，ask you to identify referential relationship between the words in the passage.

• The word X in the passage refers to

注意指代和被指代的词 单复数，人称 等保持一致

Type 7: Sentence Simplification Questions最多1题
其实就是找同义句，选出和高亮的句子意思表达一样的句子

• Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the
  highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning inimportant ways or leave out essential information.

信息相反、遗漏信息、篡改信息 都是错的

Type 8: Insert Text Questions 最多1题
给一个句子，寻找插入的地方，不仅要考虑文章逻辑，而且也要考虑grammatical connections。会给出4个地方，选一个即可。
解法：每个地方试一下，看看插入后句子结构是否顺畅，尤其注意连接词要对应。句子前后都得对应的上。还有就是代词的指代要能找到对应。
常用连词
On the other hand / Further, or Furthermore / Similarly
For example / Therefore / In contrast / On the contrary
In other words / Finally /As a result

下面两类需要对文章的结构非常的清晰，能够提取主要的观点以及辅助的用来支撑主要观点的次要观点。
Type 9: Prose Summary Questions
区分major idea from minor idea
essential from nonessentialinformation
6个选项选3个，选对2个得1分，选对3个得两分，否则0分

Type 10: Fill in a Table Questions
给一个table和一堆选项，将选项移到正确的位置
5个选项的：3个得1分，4个2分，5个3分
7个选项的：4个得1分，5个2分，6个3分, 7个4分