Apache增加mod_expires模块+配置指南

为服务器增加文件头缓存控制，合理设置Javascript、图片、Flash文件过期设置，可以有效减少网站文件请求数量，提高网站访问速度。

在Apache中实现缓存控制的模块是mod_expires，对应源文件为mod_expires.c，一般默认安装并没有安装这个模块，我们可以通过以下步骤补充安装之(mod_expires官方说明)：

1. Apache的mod_expires模块安装(/usr/local/apache是我的apache安装目录，/root/httpd-2.2.11是apache安装源文件目录)：

/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs -i -a -c /root/httpd-2.2.11/modules/metadata/mod_expires.c

如果出现类似下面的错误：

Warning!  dlname not found in /usr/local/apache/modules/mod_expires.la.
Assuming installing a .so rather than a libtool archive.
chmod 755 /usr/local/apache/modules/mod_expires.so
chmod: 无法访问‘/usr/local/apache/modules/mod_expires.so’: 没有那个文件或目录
apxs:Error: Command failed with rc=65536

请按照张宴大师的 《为Apache编译添加mod_expires模块出错的解决笔记[原创]》 来解决：

gcc -shared -o /usr/local/apache/modules/mod_expires.so /root/httpd-2.2.11/modules/metadata/mod_expires.o
/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs -i -a -c /root/httpd-2.2.11/modules/metadata/mod_expires.c

2.安装完成后，还需在配置文件httpd.conf文件中增加如下配置：

<IfModule mod_expires.c>
  ExpiresActive    on
  ExpiresDefault "access plus 12 month"
  ExpiresByType text/html "access plus 12 months"
  ExpiresByType image/gif "access plus 12 month"
  ExpiresByType image/jpeg "access plus 12 month"
  ExpiresByType application/x-javascript "access plus 12 month"
  ExpiresByType text/css "access plus 12 month"
  ExpiresByType application/x-shockwave-flash "access plus 12 month"
  ExpiresByType image/jpg "access plus 12 months"
  ExpiresByType image/png "access plus 12 months"
  ExpiresByType video/x-flv "access plus 12 months"
</IfModule>

3. 然后重启Apache即可生效：

/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl stop
/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start

如果你还想要第2步中没有列出的文件也参与缓存，可以参照以下MIME文件类型对照表增加：

323     text/h323
acx     application/internet-property-stream
ai  application/postscript
aif     audio/x-aiff
aifc    audio/x-aiff
aiff    audio/x-aiff
asf     video/x-ms-asf
asr     video/x-ms-asf
asx     video/x-ms-asf
au  audio/basic
avi     video/x-msvideo
axs     application/olescript
bas     text/plain
bcpio   application/x-bcpio
bin     application/octet-stream
bmp     image/bmp
c   text/plain
cat     application/vnd.ms-pkiseccat
cdf     application/x-cdf
cer     application/x-x509-ca-cert
class   application/octet-stream
clp     application/x-msclip
cmx     image/x-cmx
cod     image/cis-cod
cpio    application/x-cpio
crd     application/x-mscardfile
crl     application/pkix-crl
crt     application/x-x509-ca-cert
csh     application/x-csh
css     text/css
dcr     application/x-director
der     application/x-x509-ca-cert
dir     application/x-director
dll     application/x-msdownload
dms     application/octet-stream
doc     application/msword
dot     application/msword
dvi     application/x-dvi
dxr     application/x-director
eps     application/postscript
etx     text/x-setext
evy     application/envoy
exe     application/octet-stream
fif     application/fractals
flr     x-world/x-vrml
gif     image/gif
gtar    application/x-gtar
gz  application/x-gzip
h   text/plain
hdf     application/x-hdf
hlp     application/winhlp
hqx     application/mac-binhex40
hta     application/hta
htc     text/x-component
htm     text/html
html    text/html
htt     text/webviewhtml
ico     image/x-icon
ief     image/ief
iii     application/x-iphone
ins     application/x-internet-signup
isp     application/x-internet-signup
jfif    image/pipeg
jpe     image/jpeg
jpeg    image/jpeg
jpg     image/jpeg
js  application/x-javascript
latex   application/x-latex
lha     application/octet-stream
lsf     video/x-la-asf
lsx     video/x-la-asf
lzh     application/octet-stream
m13     application/x-msmediaview
m14     application/x-msmediaview
m3u     audio/x-mpegurl
man     application/x-troff-man
mdb     application/x-msaccess
me  application/x-troff-me
mht     message/rfc822
mhtml   message/rfc822
mid     audio/mid
mny     application/x-msmoney
mov     video/quicktime
movie   video/x-sgi-movie
mp2     video/mpeg
mp3     audio/mpeg
mpa     video/mpeg
mpe     video/mpeg
mpeg    video/mpeg
mpg     video/mpeg
mpp     application/vnd.ms-project
mpv2    video/mpeg
ms  application/x-troff-ms
mvb     application/x-msmediaview
nws     message/rfc822
oda     application/oda
p10     application/pkcs10
p12     application/x-pkcs12
p7b     application/x-pkcs7-certificates
p7c     application/x-pkcs7-mime
p7m     application/x-pkcs7-mime
p7r     application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp
p7s     application/x-pkcs7-signature
pbm     image/x-portable-bitmap
pdf     application/pdf
pfx     application/x-pkcs12
pgm     image/x-portable-graymap
pko     application/ynd.ms-pkipko
pma     application/x-perfmon
pmc     application/x-perfmon
pml     application/x-perfmon
pmr     application/x-perfmon
pmw     application/x-perfmon
pnm     image/x-portable-anymap
pot,    application/vnd.ms-powerpoint
ppm     image/x-portable-pixmap
pps     application/vnd.ms-powerpoint
ppt     application/vnd.ms-powerpoint
prf     application/pics-rules
ps  application/postscript
pub     application/x-mspublisher
qt  video/quicktime
ra  audio/x-pn-realaudio
ram     audio/x-pn-realaudio
ras     image/x-cmu-raster
rgb     image/x-rgb
rmi     audio/mid
roff    application/x-troff
rtf     application/rtf
rtx     text/richtext
scd     application/x-msschedule
sct     text/scriptlet
setpay  application/set-payment-initiation
setreg  application/set-registration-initiation
sh  application/x-sh
shar    application/x-shar
sit     application/x-stuffit
snd     audio/basic
spc     application/x-pkcs7-certificates
spl     application/futuresplash
src     application/x-wais-source
sst     application/vnd.ms-pkicertstore
stl     application/vnd.ms-pkistl
stm     text/html
svg     image/svg+xml
sv4cpio     application/x-sv4cpio
sv4crc  application/x-sv4crc
swf     application/x-shockwave-flash
t   application/x-troff
tar     application/x-tar
tcl     application/x-tcl
tex     application/x-tex
texi    application/x-texinfo
texinfo     application/x-texinfo
tgz     application/x-compressed
tif     image/tiff
tiff    image/tiff
tr  application/x-troff
trm     application/x-msterminal
tsv     text/tab-separated-values
txt     text/plain
uls     text/iuls
ustar   application/x-ustar
vcf     text/x-vcard
vrml    x-world/x-vrml
wav     audio/x-wav
wcm     application/vnd.ms-works
wdb     application/vnd.ms-works
wks     application/vnd.ms-works
wmf     application/x-msmetafile
wps     application/vnd.ms-works
wri     application/x-mswrite
wrl     x-world/x-vrml
wrz     x-world/x-vrml
xaf     x-world/x-vrml
xbm     image/x-xbitmap
xla     application/vnd.ms-excel
xlc     application/vnd.ms-excel
xlm     application/vnd.ms-excel
xls     application/vnd.ms-excel
xlt     application/vnd.ms-excel
xlw     application/vnd.ms-excel
xof     x-world/x-vrml
xpm     image/x-xpixmap
xwd     image/x-xwindowdump
z   application/x-compress
zip     application/zip