XML现在已经成为一种通用的数据交换格式,它的平台无关性,语言无关性,系统无关性,给数据集成与交互带来了极大的方便。对于XML本身的语法知 识与技术细节,需要阅读相关的技术文献,这里面包括的内容有DOM(Document Object Model),DTD(Document Type Definition),SAX(Simple API for XML),XSD(Xml Schema Definition),XSLT(Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations),具体可参阅w3c官方网站文档http://www.w3.org获取更多信息。
XML在不同的语言里解析方式都是一样的,只不过实现的语法不同而已。基本的解析方式有两种,一种叫SAX，另一种叫DOM。SAX是基于事件流的解析,DOM是基于XML文档树结构的解析。假设我们XML的内容和结构如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<employees>
<employee>
<name>ddviplinux</name>
<sex>m</sex>
<age>30</age>
</employee>
</employees>
本文使用JAVA语言来实现DOM与SAX的XML文档生成与解析。
首先定义一个操作XML文档的接口XmlDocument 它定义了XML文档的建立与解析的接口。
package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean;
/**
*
* @author hongliang.dinghl
* 定义XML文档建立与解析的接口
*/
public interface XmlDocument {
/**
* 建立XML文档
* @param fileName 文件全路径名称
*/
public void createXml(String fileName);
/**
* 解析XML文档
* @param fileName 文件全路径名称
*/
public void parserXml(String fileName);
}
1.DOM生成和解析XML文档
/* 为 XML 文档的已解析版本定义了一组接口。解析器读入整个文档，然后构建
一个驻留内存的树结构，然后代码就可以使用 DOM 接口来操作这个树结构。
优点：整个文档树在内存中，便于操作；支持删除、修改、重新排列等多种功能；
缺点：将整个文档调入内存（包括无用的节点），浪费时 间和空间；
使用场合：一旦解析了文档还需多次访问这些数据；硬件资源充足（内存、CPU）。
*/
package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.OutputKeys;
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
/**
*
* @author hongliang.dinghl
* DOM生成与解析XML文档
*/
public class DomDemo implements XmlDocument {
private Document document;
private String fileName;
public void init() {
try {
DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory
.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
this.document = builder.newDocument();
} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
}
public void createXml(String fileName) {
//生成节点
Element root = this.document.createElement("employees");
this.document.appendChild(root);
Element employee = this.document.createElement("employee");
Element name = this.document.createElement("name");
name.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode("丁宏亮")); //添加节点内容
employee.appendChild(name); //节点嵌套
Element sex = this.document.createElement("sex");
sex.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode("m"));
employee.appendChild(sex);
Element age = this.document.createElement("age");
age.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode("30"));
employee.appendChild(age);
root.appendChild(employee);
//TransformerFactory 实例可用于创建 Transformer 和 Templates 对象。
TransformerFactory tf = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
try {
//可以通过 TransformerFactory.newTransformer 方法获取此类的实例。
//然后此实例可以用于处理来自不同源的 XML，并将转换输出写入各种接收器。
//在多线程同时运行时不能使用此类的对象。不同线程可以同时使用不同Transformers。
Transformer transformer = tf.newTransformer();
//以 Document Object Model（DOM）树的形式充当转换 Source 树的持有者。
DOMSource source = new DOMSource(document);
transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.ENCODING, "gb2312");
transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT, "yes");
PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(new FileOutputStream(fileName));
//充当转换结果的持有者，可以为 XML、纯文本、HTML 或某些其他格式的标记。
StreamResult result = new StreamResult(pw);
//transform(Source xmlSource, Result outputTarget) 将 XML Source 转换为 Result。
transformer.transform(source, result);
System.out.println("生成XML文件成功!");
} catch (TransformerConfigurationException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
} catch (TransformerException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
}
public void parserXml(String fileName) {
try {
DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
Document document = db.parse(fileName);
NodeList employees = document.getChildNodes();
for (int i = 0; i < employees.getLength(); i++) {
Node employee = employees.item(i);
NodeList employeeInfo = employee.getChildNodes();
for (int j = 0; j < employeeInfo.getLength(); j++) {
Node node = employeeInfo.item(j);
NodeList employeeMeta = node.getChildNodes();
for (int k = 0; k < employeeMeta.getLength(); k++) {
System.out.println(employeeMeta.item(k).getNodeName()
+ ":" + employeeMeta.item(k).getTextContent());
}
}
}
System.out.println("解析完毕");
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
} catch (SAXException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
}
}
2.SAX生成和解析XML文档
/*为解决DOM的问题，出现了SAX。SAX ，事件驱动。当解析器发现元素开始、 元素结束、文本、文档的开始或结束等时，发送事件，程序员编写响应这些事件的代码，保存数据。
优点：不用事先调入整个 文档，占用资源少；SAX解析器代码比DOM解析器代码小，适于Applet，下载。
缺点：不是持久的；事件过后，若没保存数据，那么数据就丢了；无状态 性；从事件中只能得到文本，但不知该文本属于哪个元素；
使用场合：Applet;只需XML文档的少量内容，很少回头访问；机器内存少；
*/
Java代码
package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;
import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;
/**
*
* @author hongliang.dinghl
* SAX文档解析
*/
public class SaxDemo implements XmlDocument {
public void createXml(String fileName) {
System.out.println("<<"+filename+">>");
}
public void parserXml(String fileName) {
SAXParserFactory saxfac = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
try {
SAXParser saxparser = saxfac.newSAXParser();
InputStream is = new FileInputStream(fileName);
saxparser.parse(is, new MySAXHandler());
} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SAXException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
class MySAXHandler extends DefaultHandler {
boolean hasAttribute = false;
Attributes attributes = null;
public void startDocument() throws SAXException {
System.out.println("文档开始打印了");
}
public void endDocument() throws SAXException {
System.out.println("文档打印结束了");
}
public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName,
Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
if (qName.equals("employees")) {
return;
}
if (qName.equals("employee")) {
System.out.println(qName);
}
if (attributes.getLength() > 0) {
this.attributes = attributes;
this.hasAttribute = true;
}
}
public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName)
throws SAXException {
if (hasAttribute && (attributes != null)) {
for (int i = 0; i < attributes.getLength(); i++) {
System.out.println(attributes.getQName(0)
+ attributes.getValue(0));
}
}
}
public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length)
throws SAXException {
System.out.println(new String(ch, start, length));
}
}
写xml：
package xml;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.xml.transform.OutputKeys;
import javax.xml.transform.Result;
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.sax.SAXTransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.sax.TransformerHandler;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.AttributesImpl;
public class WriteXml {
/*此类扩展了 TransformerFactory 以提供特定于 SAX 的工厂方法。它提供两种类型的 ContentHandlers，
一种用于创建 Transformers，另一种用于创建 Templates 对象。
*/
SAXTransformerFactory fac = (SAXTransformerFactory) SAXTransformerFactory
.newInstance();
//侦听 SAX ContentHandler 解析事件，并将它们转换为 Result 的 TransformerHandler。
private TransformerHandler handler = null;
private OutputStream outStream = null;
private String fileName;
private AttributesImpl atts;
private String rootElement;
public WriteXml(String fileName, String rootElement) {
this.fileName = fileName;
this.rootElement = rootElement;
init();
}
public void init() {
try {
handler = fac.newTransformerHandler();
Transformer transformer = handler.getTransformer();
transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.ENCODING, "UTF-8");//
// 设置输出采用的编码方式
transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT, "yes");// 是否自动添加额外的空白
transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.OMIT_XML_DECLARATION,"no");// 是否忽略xml声明
outStream = new FileOutputStream(fileName);
//实现此接口的对象包含构建转换结果树所需的信息。所有已知实现类：
//DOMResult, SAXResult, StreamResult
Result resultxml = new StreamResult(outStream);
handler.setResult(resultxml);
atts = new AttributesImpl();
start();
} catch (TransformerConfigurationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private void start() {
try {
handler.startDocument();
handler.startElement("", "", rootElement, atts);
} catch (SAXException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void write(HashMap<String, String> map, String objectElement)
throws SAXException {
Set<String> keys = map.keySet();
Iterator it = keys.iterator();
if (objectElement != null) {
handler.startElement("", "", objectElement, atts);
}
while (it.hasNext()) {
String key = (String) it.next();
String value = map.get(key);
handler.startElement("", "", key, atts);
handler.characters(value.toCharArray(), 0, value.length());
handler.endElement("", "", key);
}
if (objectElement != null) {
handler.endElement("", "", objectElement);
}
}
public void end() {
try {
handler.endElement("", "", rootElement);
handler.endDocument();// 文档结束,同步到磁盘
outStream.close();
} catch (SAXException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
WriteXml xml = new WriteXml("c:/student.xml", "students");
try {
HashMap<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
map.put("id", "20050505");
map.put("name", "zhaobenshan");
map.put("age", "21");
map.put("classes", "Act051");
xml.write(map, "student");
map = new HashMap<String, String>();
map.put("id", "20050506");
map.put("name", "songdandan");
map.put("age", "20");
map.put("classes", "Act052");
xml.write(map, "student");
map = new HashMap<String, String>();
map.put("id", "20050507");
map.put("name", "fanchushi");
map.put("age", "21");
map.put("classes", "Act051");
xml.write(map, "student");
xml.end();
} catch (SAXException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
生成的students.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<students>
<student>
<id>20050505</id>
<name>zhaobenshan</name>
<age>21</age>
<desc>
<class>Act051</class>
<major>Art</major>
</desc>
</student>
<student>
<id>20050506</id>
<name>songdandan</name>
<age>20</age>
<desc>
<class>Act052</class>
<major>Art</major>
</desc>
</student>
<student>
<id>20050507</id>
<name>fanchushi</name>
<age>21</age>
<desc>
<class>Act053</class>
<major>Art</major>
</desc>
</student>
</students>
3.DOM4J生成和解析XML文档
/* DOM4J 是一个非常非常优秀的Java XML API，具有性能优异、功能强大和极端易用使用的特点，
同时它也是一个开放源代码的软件。如今你可以看到越来越多的 Java 软件都在使用 DOM4J 来读写 XML，
特别值得一提的是连 Sun 的 JAXM 也在用 DOM4J。
*/
Java代码
package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.util.Iterator;
import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.DocumentException;
import org.dom4j.DocumentHelper;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
import org.dom4j.io.XMLWriter;
/**
*
* @author hongliang.dinghl
* Dom4j 生成XML文档与解析XML文档
*/
public class Dom4jDemo implements XmlDocument {
public void createXml(String fileName) {
Document document = DocumentHelper.createDocument();
Element employees=document.addElement("employees");
Element employee=employees.addElement("employee");
Element name= employee.addElement("name"); //不想DOM用appendChild createElement createTextNode
name.setText("ddvip");
Element sex=employee.addElement("sex");
sex.setText("m");
Element age=employee.addElement("age");
age.setText("29");
try {
Writer fileWriter=new FileWriter(fileName);
XMLWriter xmlWriter=new XMLWriter(fileWriter);
xmlWriter.write(document);
xmlWriter.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
}
//有点像DOM
public void parserXml(String fileName) {
File inputXml=new File(fileName);
SAXReader saxReader = new SAXReader(); //使用的是SAXReader
try {
Document document = saxReader.read(inputXml);
Element employees=document.getRootElement();
for(Iterator i = employees.elementIterator(); i.hasNext();){
Element employee = (Element) i.next();
for(Iterator j = employee.elementIterator(); j.hasNext();){
Element node=(Element) j.next();
System.out.println(node.getName()+":"+node.getText());
}
}
} catch (DocumentException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
System.out.println("dom4j parserXml");
}
}
4.JDOM生成和解析XML
//为减少DOM、SAX的编码量，出现了JDOM；优点：20-80原则，极大减少了代码量。
//使用场合：要实现的功能简单，如解析、创建等，但在底层，JDOM还是使用SAX（最常用）、DOM、Xanan文档。
package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import org.jdom.Document;
import org.jdom.Element;
import org.jdom.JDOMException;
import org.jdom.input.SAXBuilder;
import org.jdom.output.XMLOutputter;
/**
*
* @author hongliang.dinghl
* JDOM 生成与解析XML文档
*
*/
public class JDomDemo implements XmlDocument {
public void createXml(String fileName) {
Document document;
Element root;
root=new Element("employees");
document=new Document(root);
Element employee=new Element("employee");
root.addContent(employee);
Element name=new Element("name");
name.setText("ddvip");
employee.addContent(name);
Element sex=new Element("sex");
sex.setText("m");
employee.addContent(sex);
Element age=new Element("age");
age.setText("23");
employee.addContent(age);
XMLOutputter XMLOut = new XMLOutputter();
try {
XMLOut.output(document, new FileOutputStream(fileName));
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void parserXml(String fileName) {
SAXBuilder builder=new SAXBuilder(false);
try {
Document document=builder.build(fileName);
Element employees=document.getRootElement();
List employeeList=employees.getChildren("employee");
for(int i=0;i
Element employee=(Element)employeeList.get(i);
List employeeInfo=employee.getChildren();
for(int j=0;j
System.out.println(((Element)employeeInfo.get(j)).getName()+":"
+((Element)employeeInfo.get(j)).getValue());
}
}
} catch (JDOMException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
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