目录
release() 、reset()、std:move() 对地址的影响demo
传统指针存在问题
- 需要手动管理内存
- 容易发生内存泄露(忘记释放,出现异常等)
- 释放之后产生野指针
智能指针就是为了解决传统指针存在的问题
- auto_ptr:属于C++98标准,在C++11中已经不推荐使用(有缺陷,比如不能用于数组)
- shared_ptr:属于C++11标准
- unique_ptr:属于C++11标准
unique_ptr
reset函数
reset函数的主要作用就是销毁当前由unique_ptr(如果有)管理的对象并取得p的所有权。具体实例:
销毁指向的new Person(30)的对象,并重新指定了new Person(40)
unique_ptr<Person> p3(new Person(30));
p3->run();
p3.reset(new Person(40));
p3->run();
release() 函数
将当前的unique_ptr指针所指的内存置为空,并且对这块内存的所有权消失
返回值:返回当前unique_ptr所指的内存
unique_ptr<string> p1(new string("Hello"));
unique_ptr<string> p2(p1.release());//p1将自己所指的内存空间置空,并且返回该内存空间。之后对该内存空间的操作权消失,从而p2得到该内存的权限
注意事项:
因为release函数会改变unque_ptr指针与内存之间的关系。所以unique_ptr调用release函数之后必须将返回值传递给另一个unqiue_ptr,否则就会内存泄露
unique_ptr<string> p1(new string("Hello"));
p1.release();//错误,虽然p1断开了与内存的关系,但是没有另一个unqieu_ptr来接手这块内存,造成内存泄漏
//改正:
unique_ptr<string> p2(p1.release()); //将p1的原来内存交给另一个unique_ptr管理
std::move(ptr)
所有权转移,转移后ptr变为空指针
std::unique_ptr<int> fPtr1; // fptr1 是空指针
auto fPtr3 = std::make_unique<int>();
fPtr1 = std::move(fPtr3); // move fptr3后,fptr3 变成空指针,fPtr1 指向的路径和 move之前fPtr3指向的地址相同
release() 、reset()、std:move() 对地址的影响demo
#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include <memory>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
//创建一个指向int的空指针
std::unique_ptr<int> fPtr1;
std::unique_ptr<int> fPtr2(new int(4));
auto fPtr3 = std::make_unique<int>();
std::cout << "fPtr1 " << fPtr1.get() << std::endl;
//fPtr2释放指向对象的所有权,并且被置为nullptr
std::cout << "fPtr2 release before:" << fPtr2.get() << std::endl;
int *pF = fPtr2.release();
std::cout << "fPtr2 release after:" << fPtr2.get() << " and pF value:" << *pF << " &pF = "<< &pF<< std::endl;
cout << " pF = "<< pF <<endl;
// printf("%pF\n",pF);
//所有权转移,转移后fPtr3变为空指针
std::cout << "move before fPtr1 address:" << fPtr1.get() << " fPtr3 address:" << fPtr3.get() << std::endl;
fPtr1 = std::move(fPtr3);
std::cout << "move after fPtr1 address:" << fPtr1.get() << " fPtr3 address:" << fPtr3.get() << std::endl;
std::cout << "reset before fPtr1 address:" << fPtr1.get() << std::endl;
fPtr1.reset();
std::cout << "reset after fPtr1 address:" << fPtr1.get() << std::endl;
return 0;
}
结果
fPtr1 0
fPtr2 release before:0xfe1a50
fPtr2 release after:0 and pF value:4 &pF = 0x61fdf0
pF = 0xfe1a50
move before fPtr1 address:0 fPtr3 address:0xfe1a90
move after fPtr1 address:0xfe1a90 fPtr3 address:0
reset before fPtr1 address:0xfe1a90
reset after fPtr1 address:0
unique_ptr指向对象的demo
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <mutex>
using namespace std;
class Person{
int m_age;
public:
Person(){
cout << "Person()" << endl;
}
Person(int age): m_age(age){
cout << "Person(int)"<< " m_age = "<< m_age << endl;
}
~Person(){
cout << "~Persion() "<<" m_age = "<< m_age<< endl;
}
void run(){
cout << "run()"<< " m_age = "<< m_age <<endl;
}
};
void common_ptr(){
Person *p = new Person();
delete p;
}
void auto_ptr_test(){
// 可以理解为: 智能指针p指向了堆空间的Person对象
auto_ptr<Person> p(new Person(1));
p->run();
}
void unique_ptr_test(){
unique_ptr<Person> p1(new Person(10));
cout << "move before p1 address = "<< p1.get() << endl;
{
unique_ptr<Person> p0;
p0 = std::move(p1);
p0->run();
cout << "move after p1 address = "<< p1.get()<< " p0 address = "<<p0.get() << endl;
}
// unique_ptr<Person> p2(p1);
cout << "*** reset test ***" <<endl;
{
unique_ptr<Person> p3(new Person(30));
p3->run();
p3.reset(new Person(40)); // 在此处p3 执行了新的new Person(40) 对象,也析构了new Person(30) 的对象
p3->run();
}
cout << "*** release test ***" <<endl;
{
unique_ptr<Person> p4(new Person(50));
unique_ptr<Person> p5(p4.release());
p5->run();
}
}
int main(){
auto_ptr_test();
cout << "start unique_ptr_test" << endl;
unique_ptr_test();
getchar();
return 0;
}
输出:
Person(int) m_age = 1
run() m_age = 1
~Persion() m_age = 1
start unique_ptr_test
Person(int) m_age = 10
move before p1 address = 0x1021a50
run() m_age = 10
move after p1 address = 0 p0 address = 0x1021a50
~Persion() m_age = 10
*** reset test ***
Person(int) m_age = 30
run() m_age = 30
Person(int) m_age = 40
~Persion() m_age = 30
run() m_age = 40
~Persion() m_age = 40
*** release test ***
Person(int) m_age = 50
run() m_age = 50
~Persion() m_age = 50