Equals与==

1.equals比较两个对象是否具有相同的引用。
2.equals的特性：
(1)自反性
(2)对称性
(3)传递性
(4)一致性
3.==与equals区别：==比较的是变量栈内存中存放的对象的堆内存地址，而equals用于比较两个对象的值是否相同。使用==比较基本数据类型，使用equals比较对象域。
(1)对于基本类型的变量：
1)==判断两个变量的值是否相等；而equals不能用于基本型，对于基本型要用它的包装类。
2)对于对象变量，当用==比较时，即使两个对象的值相等，但内存地址不同，会返回false;而用equals比较两个对象的值是否相等。

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package com.equals;
import java.util.*;

public class EqualsTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {

    Employee alice1 = new Employee("Alice Adams", 75000, 1987, 12, 15);
    Employee alice2 = alice1;
    Employee alice3 = new Employee("Alice Adams", 75000, 1987, 12, 15);
    Employee bob = new Employee("bob Brandson", 50000, 1989, 10, 1);

    System.out.println("alice1 == alice2:" + (alice1 == alice2));
    System.out.println("alice1 == alice3:" + (alice1 == alice3));
    System.out.println("alice1.equals(alice3):" + (alice1.equals(alice3)));
    System.out.println("alice1.equals(bob):" + (alice1.equals(bob)));
    System.out.println("bob.toString()" + bob.toString());
    System.out.println("alice1.equals(alice2):" + alice1.equals(alice2));

    Manager carl = new Manager("Cral Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15);
    Manager boss = new Manager("Cral Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15);
    boss.setBonus(5000);

    System.out.println("boss.toString():" + boss);
    System.out.println("carl.equals(boss):" + carl.equals(boss));
    System.out.println("alice1.hashCode():" + alice1.hashCode());
    System.out.println("alice3.hashCode():" + alice3.hashCode());
    System.out.println("bob.hashCode():" + bob.hashCode());
    System.out.println("carl.hashCode():" + carl.hashCode());

}

}

class Employee{

private String name;
private double salary;
private Date hireDay;

public Employee(String n, double s, int year, int month, int day) {
    name = n;
    salary = s;
    GregorianCalendar calendar = new GregorianCalendar(year, month - 1, day);
    hireDay = calendar.getTime();
}

public String getName() {
    return name;
}

public double getSalary() {
    return salary;
}

public Date getHireDay() {
    return hireDay;
}

public void raiseSalary(int byPercent) {
    double raise = salary * byPercent /100;
    salary += raise;
}

public boolean equals(Object otherObject) {
    if(this == otherObject) {
        return true;
    }
    if(otherObject == null) {
        return false;
    }
    if(getClass() != otherObject.getClass()) {
        return false;
    }
    Employee other = (Employee) otherObject;
    return name.equals(other.name) && salary == other.salary && hireDay.equals(other.hireDay);
}

public int hashCode() {
    return 7 * name.hashCode() + 11 * new Double(salary).hashCode() + 13 * hireDay.hashCode();
}

public String toString() {
    return getClass().getName() + "[name= "+ name +" ,salary = "+ salary +" , hireDay = "+ hireDay +" ]";
}   

}

class Manager extends Employee{

private double bonus;

public Manager(String n, double s, int year, int month, int day) {
    super(n, s, year, month, day);
    bonus = 0;
}

public double getSalary() {
    double baseSalary = super.getSalary();
    return baseSalary + bonus;
}

public void setBonus(double b) {
    bonus = b;
}

public boolean equals(Object otherObject) {
    if(!super.equals(otherObject)) {
        return false;
    }
    Manager other = (Manager)otherObject;
    return bonus == other.bonus;
}

public int hashCode() {
    return super.hashCode() + 17 * new Double(bonus).hashCode();
}

public String toString() {
    return super.toString() + "[bonus= " + bonus +"]";
}

}