Mysql多表查询基础

create database db05;
use db05;
-- 多表查询: 数据准备
-- 部门管理
create table tb_dept(
    id int unsigned primary key auto_increment comment '主键ID',
    name varchar(10) not null unique comment '部门名称',
    create_time datetime not null comment '创建时间',
    update_time datetime not null comment '修改时间'
) comment '部门表';
insert into tb_dept (id, name, create_time, update_time) values(1,'学工部',now(),now()),(2,'教研部',now(),now()),(3,'咨询部',now(),now()), (4,'就业部',now(),now()),(5,'人事部',now(),now());

-- 员工管理
create table tb_emp (
    id int unsigned primary key auto_increment comment 'ID',
    username varchar(20) not null unique comment '用户名',
    password varchar(32) default '123456' comment '密码',
    name varchar(10) not null comment '姓名',
    gender tinyint unsigned not null comment '性别, 说明: 1 男, 2 女',
    image varchar(300) comment '图像',
    job tinyint unsigned comment '职位, 说明: 1 班主任,2 讲师, 3 学工主管, 4 教研主管, 5 咨询师',
    entrydate date comment '入职时间',
    dept_id int unsigned comment '部门ID',
    create_time datetime not null comment '创建时间',
    update_time datetime not null comment '修改时间'
) comment '员工表';

INSERT INTO tb_emp(id, username, password, name, gender, image, job, entrydate,dept_id, create_time, update_time) VALUES
    (1,'jinyong','123456','金庸',1,'1.jpg',4,'2000-01-01',2,now(),now()),
    (2,'zhangwuji','123456','张无忌',1,'2.jpg',2,'2015-01-01',2,now(),now()),
    (3,'yangxiao','123456','杨逍',1,'3.jpg',2,'2008-05-01',2,now(),now()),
    (4,'weiyixiao','123456','韦一笑',1,'4.jpg',2,'2007-01-01',2,now(),now()),
    (5,'changyuchun','123456','常遇春',1,'5.jpg',2,'2012-12-05',2,now(),now()),
    (6,'xiaozhao','123456','小昭',2,'6.jpg',3,'2013-09-05',1,now(),now()),
    (7,'jixiaofu','123456','纪晓芙',2,'7.jpg',1,'2005-08-01',1,now(),now()),
    (8,'zhouzhiruo','123456','周芷若',2,'8.jpg',1,'2014-11-09',1,now(),now()),
    (9,'dingminjun','123456','丁敏君',2,'9.jpg',1,'2011-03-11',1,now(),now()),
    (10,'zhaomin','123456','赵敏',2,'10.jpg',1,'2013-09-05',1,now(),now()),
    (11,'luzhangke','123456','鹿杖客',1,'11.jpg',5,'2007-02-01',3,now(),now()),
    (12,'hebiweng','123456','鹤笔翁',1,'12.jpg',5,'2008-08-18',3,now(),now()),
    (13,'fangdongbai','123456','方东白',1,'13.jpg',5,'2012-11-01',3,now(),now()),
    (14,'zhangsanfeng','123456','张三丰',1,'14.jpg',2,'2002-08-01',2,now(),now()),
    (15,'yulianzhou','123456','俞莲舟',1,'15.jpg',2,'2011-05-01',2,now(),now()),
    (16,'songyuanqiao','123456','宋远桥',1,'16.jpg',2,'2007-01-01',2,now(),now()),
    (17,'chenyouliang','123456','陈友谅',1,'17.jpg',NULL,'2015-03-21',NULL,now(),now());

select * from tb_dept;

select * from tb_emp;

-- 多表查询
select * from tb_emp,tb_dept where tb_emp.dept_id = tb_dept.id;

-- ============================= 内连接 ==========================
-- A. 查询员工的姓名 , 及所属的部门名称 (隐式内连接实现)
select tb_emp.name,tb_dept.name from tb_emp,tb_dept where tb_emp.dept_id = tb_dept.id;

-- 起别名
select e.name, d.name from tb_emp e , tb_dept d where e.dept_id = d.id;

-- B. 查询员工的姓名 , 及所属的部门名称 (显式内连接实现)
select tb_emp.name,tb_dept.name from tb_emp  join tb_dept on tb_emp.dept_id = tb_dept.id;


-- =============================== 外连接 ============================
-- A. 查询员工表 所有 员工的姓名, 和对应的部门名称 (左外连接)
select e.name, d.name from tb_emp e left join tb_dept d on e.dept_id = d.id;

-- B. 查询部门表 所有 部门的名称, 和对应的员工名称 (右外连接)
select e.name,d.name from tb_emp e right join tb_dept d on e.dept_id = d.id;

select e.name, d.name from tb_dept d left join tb_emp e on e.dept_id = d.id;



-- ========================= 子查询 ================================
-- 标量子查询
-- A. 查询 "教研部" 的所有员工信息
-- a. 查询 教研部 的部门ID - tb_dept
select id from tb_dept where name = '教研部';

-- b. 再查询该部门ID下的员工信息 - tb_emp
select * from tb_emp where dept_id = (select id from tb_dept where name = '教研部');


-- B. 查询在 "方东白" 入职之后的员工信息
-- a. 查询 方东白 的入职时间
select entrydate from tb_emp where name = '方东白';

-- b. 查询在 "方东白" 入职之后的员工信息
select * from tb_emp where entrydate > (select entrydate from tb_emp where name = '方东白');




-- 列子查询
-- A. 查询 "教研部" 和 "咨询部" 的所有员工信息
-- a. 查询 "教研部" 和 "咨询部" 的部门ID - tb_dept
select id from tb_dept where name = '教研部' or name = '咨询部';

-- b. 根据部门ID, 查询该部门下的员工信息 - tb_emp
select * from tb_emp where dept_id in (select id from tb_dept where name = '教研部' or name = '咨询部');


-- 行子查询
-- A. 查询与 "韦一笑" 的入职日期 及 职位都相同的员工信息 ;
-- a. 查询 "韦一笑" 的入职日期 及 职位
select entrydate,job from tb_emp where name = '韦一笑';

-- b. 查询与其入职日期 及 职位都相同的员工信息 ;
-- 方式一
select * from tb_emp where entrydate = (select entrydate from tb_emp where name = '韦一笑') and job = (select job from tb_emp where name = '韦一笑');

select * from tb_emp where entrydate = '2007-01-01' and job=2;

-- 方式二
select * from tb_emp where (entrydate,job)=(select entrydate,job from tb_emp where name = '韦一笑');


-- 表子查询
-- A. 查询入职日期是 "2006-01-01" 之后的员工信息 , 及其部门名称
-- a. 查询入职日期是 "2006-01-01" 之后的员工信息
select * from tb_emp where entrydate > '2006-01-01';

-- b. 查询这部分员工信息及其部门名称 - tb_dept
select e.* , d.name from (select * from tb_emp where entrydate > '2006-01-01') e , tb_dept d where e.dept_id = d.id;