Java多线程-Condition

Condition介绍

Condition是在java 1.5中才出现的，它用来替代传统的Object的wait()、notify()实现线程间的协作，相比使用Object的wait()、notify()，使用Condition的await()、signal()这种方式实现线程间协作更加安全和高效。因此通常来说比较推荐使用Condition，阻塞队列实际上是使用了Condition来模拟线程间协作。

• Condition是个接口，基本的方法就是await()和signal()方法
• Condition依赖于Lock接口，生成一个Condition的基本代码是lock.newCondition()
• 调用Condition的await()和signal()方法，都必须在lock保护之内，就是说必须在lock.lock()和lock.unlock之间才可以使用
• Conditon中的await()对应Object的wait()
• Condition中的signal()对应Object的notify()
• Condition中的signalAll()对应Object的notifyAll()

示例

package com.zhihua.subject;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

/**
 * condition条件
 * @author caizh
 *
 */
public class ConditionCommunication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        final Business business = new Business();
        new Thread(
                new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        for(int i=1;i<=10;i++){
                            business.sub(i);
                        }
                    }
                }
                ).start();

        for(int i=1;i<=10;i++){
            business.main(i);
        }
    }

    static class Business{
        Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
        // 通信条件，在lock对象之上
        Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
        private boolean bShouldSub = true;
        public void sub(int i) {
            lock.lock();
            try {
                while(!bShouldSub) {
                    try {
                        condition.await();
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                for(int j=1;j<=10;j++){
                    System.out.println("sub thread sequence of " + j + ",loop of " + i);
                }
                bShouldSub = false;
                condition.signal();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
        public  void main(int i){
            lock.lock();
            try{
                while(bShouldSub){
                    try {
                        condition.await();
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                for(int j=1;j<=10;j++){
                    System.out.println("main thread sequence of " + j + ",loop of " + i);
                }
                bShouldSub = true;
                condition.signal();
            }finally{
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
    }
}

Condition除了支持上面的功能之外，它更强大的地方在于：能够更加精细的控制多线程的休眠与唤醒。对于同一个锁，我们可以创建多个Condition，在不同的情况下使用不同的Condition。

示例

package com.zhihua.subject;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

/**
 * 使用condition实现
 * 主线程执行100次，然后子线程2执行10次，线程3执行10次，再回到主线程执行100次
 * 如此反复循环50次
 * @author caizh
 *
 */
public class ThreeConditionCommunication {


    public static void main(String[] args) {

        final Business business = new Business();
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        for(int i=1;i<=50;i++){
                            business.sub2(i);
                        }
                    }
                }
                ).start();

        new Thread(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        for(int i=1;i<=50;i++){
                            business.sub3(i);
                        }
                    }
                }
                ).start();      
        for(int i=1;i<=50;i++){
            business.main(i);
        }

    }

    static class Business{

        Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
        Condition condition1 = lock.newCondition();
        Condition condition2 = lock.newCondition();
        Condition condition3 = lock.newCondition();
        private int shouldSub = 1; // 标识
        public void sub2(int i) {
            lock.lock();
            try {
                while(shouldSub!=2) {
                    try {
                        condition2.await();
                    }catch(Exception e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                for(int j=1;j<=10;j++){
                    System.out.println("sub2 thread sequence of " + j + ",loop of " + i);
                }
                // 开始唤醒子线程3
                shouldSub = 3;
                condition3.signal();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
        public  void sub3(int i){
            lock.lock();
            try{
                while(shouldSub != 3){
                    try {
                        condition3.await();
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                for(int j=1;j<=20;j++){
                    System.out.println("sub3 thread sequence of " + j + ",loop of " + i);
                }
                // 开始唤醒main线程
                shouldSub = 1;
                condition1.signal();
            }finally{
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
        public  void main(int i){
            lock.lock();
            try{
                while(shouldSub != 1){
                    try {
                        condition1.await();
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                for(int j=1;j<=100;j++){
                    System.out.println("main thread sequence of " + j + ",loop of " + i);
                }
                // 开始唤醒线程2
                shouldSub = 2;
                condition2.signal();
            }finally{
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }

    }
}